Chibbat Zion
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Chibbat Zion ( Hebrew חיבת ציון, translated Zionsliebe ) was a Jewish movement in Europe since 1881. It is considered the first Zionist organization. Its members / followers called themselves Chovevei Zion ( Chowewe Zion , German Zionsliebende, Zionsfreunde ). Among them were the founders of Rishon LeZion , Zichron Ya'akov and Rosh Pina . In Great Britain they also called themselves “tents” (biblically romantic).
history
In 1881 the first groups of Chibbat Zion emerged in Romania , the aim of which was to emigrate ( Alija ) to Erez Israel . At the end of 1881 the first conference took place in Focşani , the seat of the Central Committee was Galați . The first circles were formed in the Russian Empire after the pogroms of 1881/1882. Important actors were Mosche Leib Lilienblum and the Rabbi Samuel Mohilever . Leon Pinsker wrote his book “ Autoemancipation ” in 1882 and thus formed the ideological basis of the movement. He called for self-liberation and the establishment of a territorial center for the Jewish people.
In 1884 the first multinational congress took place in Katowice ( German Empire ), which was supposed to bring together the groups of the different countries into a common organization. Leo Pinsker became the first chairman. The seat of the Central Committee became Berlin . Other important personalities were Max E. Mandelstamm , Abraham Bär Gottlober , Mordekhai David Brandstetter and Peretz Smolenskin .
The seat for Russia became Odessa ( Odessa Committee ). In 1890, Chibbat Zion received official permission from the Russian government to found a "Society to Support Jewish Peasants and Craftsmen in Syria and Palestine". As a result, funds were collected across Russia, which u. a. contributed to the development of Rechovot and Hadera .
When the World Zionist Organization was founded in 1897 , most of the Chibbat Zion groups joined it.
The Odessa Committee was dissolved by the Bolsheviks in 1919 .
Other organizations
In Germany, the concern to promote the Jewish settlement of Palestine was also pursued by the Esra association , which was founded in Berlin in 1884.
literature
- Old Druyanov : Ketawim le-toledot Hibbat Zion we Yishuv Erez Israel . 3 volumes. Volume 1 Odessa 1919, Volume 2 and 3, Tel Aviv 1925–1932.
- Heinrich Loewe (Ed.): Chibbat Zion. Commemorative publication for the 50th anniversary of the Katowice Conference of Chowewe Zion . Katowice 1934.
- Nahum Sokolow : Hibbath Zion . Jerusalem 1934.
Web links
- Draft statutes of the Odessa Committee. zionistarchives.org.il
Individual evidence
- ^ Ivonne Meybohm: David Wolffsohn - climber, border crosser, mediator / A biographical approach to the history of the early Zionist organization (1897-1914). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2013, ISBN 9783525570289 , p. 43.