Ricinodendron heudelotii
| Ricinodendron heudelotii | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Ricinodendron | ||||||||||||
| Garbage.Arg | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Ricinodendron heudelotii | ||||||||||||
| ( Baill. ) Heckel |
Ricinodendron heudelotii is a tree in the milkweed family from West and Central Africa to Sudan and central to southern East Africa . It is the only species in the genus ricinodendron .
description
Ricinodendron heudelotii grows as a deciduous tree up to 40–45 meters high. The trunk diameter reaches up to 150 centimeters. More or less large and broad, or even no buttress roots are formed. The bark is grayish to brownish or gray-brown, smooth and scaly or slightly cracked with age.
The alternate and long-stemmed leaves are composed of palmate leaves with up to 4–8 leaflets . The long petiole is up to 20–40 centimeters long. The soft, slightly leathery, thin, sedentary to almost sedentary or pseudo-stemmed and pointed to tailed leaflets are obovate to elliptical, lanceolate and 10-30 centimeters long and 5-15 centimeters wide. The middle leaflet is the largest and the leaf margin is almost whole with distant and small glandular teeth. The leaflets are glabrous on top and more or less hairy on the underside. The quite durable, several fan-shaped stipules , with small glandular teeth, are up to 2–5 centimeters in size per leaf. There are often several glands on the petiole. The veins are pinnate and raised on the underside.
Ricinodendron heudelotii is monoecious . Terminal, more or less rusty hairy panicles are formed, the male are up to 40 centimeters long, the female are only about half as long. There are awl bracts available. The unisexual, mostly five-fold and greenish-white or white to yellowish, small flowers are stalked and with a double flower envelope . The 4 millimeter long, egg-shaped, roof-top sepals are short overgrown and densely rusty hairy. The elongated, upright and trimmed petals are 6 millimeters long and coherent, standing together in tubes. The male flowers contain 6-14 basally fused stamens with long-haired stamens in the lower part. The hairy, two to three-chambered ovary of the female flowers is on top, with two to three small, short two-part styles . There is a lobed disc or free glands in each case.
Two, three-lobed and multi-seeded, blackish to maturity, up to 4–5 centimeters in size, roughly rounded, slightly flattened drupes are formed. Each lobe contains a solitary, hard and thin-skinned, woody stone core.
Taxonomy
The first description of Basionyms Jatropha heudelotii was in 1860 by Henri Ernest Baillon in Adansonia Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 64. The conversion into the genus Ricinodendron, established in 1864 by Johannes Müller Argoviensis in Flora 47: 533, to Ricinodendron heudelotii was carried out in 1898 by Édouard Marie Heckel in Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille 5 (2): 40. Various other synonyms are known.
A distinction is made between two subspecies with an unclear area distribution:
- Ricinodendron heudelotii subsp. heudelotii ; with 3 or 5 stipules per leaf, three-chambered ovary and three styles and three-lobed fruits, mostly 3 seeds
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Ricinodendron heudelotii subsp. africanum
(Müll.Arg.) J.Léonard ; with differently distributed glands on the petiole, with 5, rarely fewer, or more stipules per leaf, usually two-chamber ovary and usually two styles, bilobed fruits, 2 seeds
- With the varieties:
- Ricinodendron heudelotii var. Africanum ; with initially more or less hairy leaflets underneath and then balding
- Ricinodendron heudelotii var. Tomentellum (Hutch. & EABruce) Radcl.-Sm. ; with permanently brownish, fawn-brown hairy leaflets underneath
- With the varieties:
use
The seeds are eaten cooked or roasted. A drying oil can also be obtained from the seeds, which is used for soaps or paints.
The bark , leaves and roots are used medicinally.
The light wood is very light and soft, it can be used as a substitute for balsa wood . It is known as erimado or essessang . The sawdust can be used for lifebuoys or, like wood, for insulation. The wood is also used to make musical instruments or for carving and other things.
literature
- Quentin Meunier, Carl Moumbogou, Jean-Louis Doucet: Les arbres utiles du Gabon. Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, 2015, ISBN 978-2-87016-134-0 , p. 130 f, limited preview in the Google book search.
- J. Gérard, D. Guibal, S. Paradis, J.-C. Cerre: Tropical Timber Atlas. Éditions Quæ, 2017, ISBN 978-2-7592-2798-3 , p. 309 ff, limited preview in the Google book search.
- M. Chudnoff: Tropical Timber of the World. Agriculture Handbook 607, USDA Forest Service, 1984, p. 270, limited preview in Google Book Search.
- Jules Janick, Robert E. Paull: The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI, 2008, ISBN 0-85199-638-8 , p. 374 ff.
- Z. Tchoundjeu, AR Atangana: Ndjanssang: Ricinodendron Hendelotii (Baill.). Southampton Center for Underutilized Crops, ICUC, University of Southampton, 2006, ISBN 0-8543-2842-4 .
Web links
- Ricinodendron heudelotii at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Ricinodendron heudelotii at PROTA.
- Ricinodendron heudelotii . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.
- Ricinodendron heudelotii A. Radcliffe-Smith: Flora Zambesiaca. Vol. 9, Part 4, 1996, at JSTOR.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Kristina Plenderleith: Ricinodendron heudelotii A State of Knowledge Study undertaken for the Central African Regional Program for the Environment. Oxford Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, 2006 online (PDF), at CARPE - University of Maryland.
- ↑ online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ Useful Tropical Plants.