Giant bovist
Giant bovist | ||||||||||||
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Giant Bovist ( Calvatia gigantea ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Calvatia gigantea | ||||||||||||
( Batsch ) Rostk. |
The giant bovist ( Calvatia gigantea , Syn. Langermannia gigantea , Lycoperdon gigantea ) is an easily identifiable meadow mushroom with extraordinarily large fruiting bodies from the mushroom relatives family . It used to be included in the class or subclass of the belly mushrooms (Gastromycetes or Gastromycetidae), which according to more recent scientific findings no longer have any taxonomic significance.
features
The giant bovist is about 10–50 cm in diameter, is rounded and has no stem. The skin is smooth and leathery. The color is whitish when young, then yellowish green and old olive-brown or red-brown to dark brown due to the spores. The fruit mass is also white at the beginning and turns olive brown and powdery as it ripens. More mature mushrooms have an unpleasant urinary odor . Occasionally specimens with a diameter of 60 cm and a weight of 11.5 kg were reported.
Species delimitation
The giant bovist is one of the few types of mushroom that can hardly be confused. When young, when the fruiting bodies are still small, they can be confused with the poisonous amanita . Confusion with edible dusters ( bag dusters , rabbit dusters ) can also occur.
Ecology and phenology
Riesenboviste grow from June to September mainly on meadows, pastures and open forests (loosened pine forests on rather dry locations). Characteristic locations are above all old orchards , where witch rings ten or more meters in diameter could be observed.
meaning
Each fruiting body produces over seven billion spores inside. Young specimens that are still white when cut are edible, but have only a slight taste of their own. Sliced, they can be prepared like a Wiener schnitzel . When consumed raw, they are toxic to mammals. In the past, smoldering specimens were placed next to the beehive in the beekeeping to keep the bees calm while they were beekeeping . This mushroom was also used as tinder . The giant bovist also contains the anti-cancer drug calvacin .
swell
literature
- Helmut and Renate Grünert: Pilze (1988), Steinbach-Verlag
- Sven Nilsson, Bo Mossberg (Illustrator) and Olle Persson: Practical Mushroom Science, Volume 1: Leafless Mushrooms (1978), Kosmos, Gesellschaft der Naturfreunde Stuttgart, ISBN 9783440045060
- Brian Spooner: Mushrooms Central Europe (1999), Orbis, ISBN 3-572-01405-0
- Milan Gryndler u. a .: Fructification of Langermannia gigantea in artificially inoculated field soil . (PDF; 299 kB) In: CZECH MYCOL. 60 (2): 231-242, 2008 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Almost twelve kilograms: A mushroom for Wikipedia. In: Passauer Neue Presse . September 1, 2016, accessed September 26, 2016 .
- ↑ Stephen S. Sternberg, Frederick S. Philips, Alice P. Cronin, Jane E. Sodergren, Pedro M. Vidal: Toxicological Studies of Calvacin . In: Cancer Research . tape 23 , 1963, pp. 1036-1044 ( PDF; 1.76 MB ).
- ^ Hermann Hager: Hagers Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice . Volume 2: Drugs AK. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1998, ISBN 3-540-61618-7 , pp. 267 .