Robert Indrikowitsch Oak

Robert Eikhe ( Russian Роберт Индрикович Эйхе ; Latvian Roberts Eihe * 31 ^{. Jul} / 12. August 1890 ^greg. In 1890 on the farm Avotin at Doblen , Courland Governorate , † 2. February 1940 ) was a revolutionary and Soviet state and Party official, one of the organizers of the Stalinist repression .

Life

Robert Eiche, the son of Latvian farmers, graduated from two-class school in 1904 and worked as a shepherd. In 1905 he became a member of the Latvian Social Democratic Labor Party ( Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā Strādnieku partija , LSDSP). He took part in Mitau in the 1905/07 revolution and in 1908 became a member of the Committee of Social Democracy of Latvia ( Latvijas sociāldemokrātija , LSD) of Mitau. At the end of 1908 he emigrated to Great Britain , where he worked as a miner. He returned to Riga in 1911 . In 1914 he was elected to the Central Committee of the LSD. In 1915 he was exiled to Siberia in the Yenisisk Governorate .

In 1917 he took part in the revolution and in the struggle to establish Soviet power in Latvia. He was elected to the Presidium of the Riga Soviet and directed illegal work during the German occupation. He was arrested in January 1918, but was able to flee to Moscow in July . In 1918 he was appointed People's Commissar for Food in the Tula Governorate , from 1919 People's Commissar for Food in Soviet Latvia , after which he held the same position in Kyrgyzstan , Chelyabinsk and Rostov-on-Don . In 1921 he was a delegate of the III. World Congress of the Comintern . In 1922/23 he was food commissioner for Siberia and finally in 1923/24 for the entire RSFSR . Oak was elected a candidate in 1925 and a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU in July 1930 . From February 1935 he was also a candidate for the Politburo of the Central Committee.

From 1925 he was chairman of the Siberian regional committee and from 1929 first secretary of the West Siberian regional committee of the CPSU. Oak was a loyal Stalinist and was responsible for the violent deculakization and forced collectivization in Western Siberia from 1929 to 1933 . He belonged to a troika that decided the fate of those people who were considered kulaks. In 1933 he was one of the senior officials involved in the Nasino tragedy . In 1937, Eiche was again a member of a troika, this time of the West Siberian express court for the implementation of NKVD order No. 00447 . From 1937 to 1938 he was People's Commissar for Agriculture of the USSR and was elected to the Supreme Soviet in 1937 . He was a member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

In the course of the Latvian Operation of the Great Terror , Eiche was arrested on April 29, 1938. During his detention he was tortured several times on the instructions of Beria and Rodos in order to extort false confessions (among other things, his eye was gouged out). On 2 February 1940 the death sentence was carried out and shooting the same day.

rehabilitation

In 1956 he was posthumously rehabilitated. Khrushchev's case was cited by Khrushchev in his secret speech on the cult of personality and its consequences as an "example of a vicious provocation, a disgusting falsification and a criminal violation of revolutionary legality".

Honors

Order of Lenin (1934)

Web links

Commons : Robert Eikhe - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Rolf Binner, Marc Junge: How terror became “big”. In: Cahiers du monde russe , Vol. 42, H. 2-4, 2001, S. 557-613 monderusse.revues.org ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, p. 568.)@1@ 2

^ German translation of the command on the portal "100 (0) key documents on Russian and Soviet history (1917–1991)", section V.1 there. Accessed September 26, 2010.

↑ Nicolas Werth : The island of the cannibals: Stalin's forgotten gulag. Siedler, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-88680-853-X .

↑ Vanda Zarina: Rīgas domnieki laikmeta līkločos . Rīgas dome, Riga 2019, ISBN 978-9984-31-148-7 , p. 243.

↑ Jörg Baberowski : Scorched Earth. Stalin's rule of violence. CH Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63254-9 , p. 284.

^ Alan Bullock : Hitler and Stalin. Parallel lives . Siedler, Berlin 1991, p. 676.

↑ Khrushchev: On the personality cult and its consequences ( Memento from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), p. 15 ff.

personal data
SURNAME	Oak, Robert Indrikowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Eihe, Roberts (Latvian); Эйхе, Ро́берт Индрикович (Russian); Eikhe, Robert Indrikovich (English transcription)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Soviet revolutionary and politician
DATE OF BIRTH	August 12, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH	at Dobele
DATE OF DEATH	February 2, 1940

[BinnerJunge-1] Rolf Binner, Marc Junge: How terror became “big”. In: Cahiers du monde russe , Vol. 42, H. 2-4, 2001, S. 557-613 monderusse.revues.org ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, p. 568.)@1@ 2

[2] German translation of the command on the portal "100 (0) key documents on Russian and Soviet history (1917–1991)", section V.1 there. Accessed September 26, 2010.

[3] Nicolas Werth : The island of the cannibals: Stalin's forgotten gulag. Siedler, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-88680-853-X .

[4] Vanda Zarina: Rīgas domnieki laikmeta līkločos . Rīgas dome, Riga 2019, ISBN 978-9984-31-148-7 , p. 243.

[5] Jörg Baberowski : Scorched Earth. Stalin's rule of violence. CH Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63254-9 , p. 284.

[6] Alan Bullock : Hitler and Stalin. Parallel lives . Siedler, Berlin 1991, p. 676.

[7] Khrushchev: On the personality cult and its consequences ( Memento from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), p. 15 ff.