Roger of Hoveden

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Roger von Hoveden († 1201 ) was a priest, chronicler, historian and diplomat from Howden in Yorkshire . He is the author of a chronicle in Latin script on the history of England under Henry II and Richard I the Lionheart , which comprises four volumes and goes back to the end of the 12th century.

Life

Little is known about Roger's life. He was probably born and raised in Howden, formerly known as Hoveden , a small parish in east Yorkshire. He attended a convent school in Durham and was then probably a theology teacher at Oxford before he took over the post of pastor in Howden from his father Robert. In 1174 he became secretary at the English court under Henry II and remained so until his death in 1189.

During this time Roger traveled a lot and took on important tasks on behalf of the king. In the first year of his tenure, the King sent him on a secret diplomatic mission to the Lords of Galloway in Scotland . In 1175 he was an intermediary between the king and English monasteries. In 1185, 1187 and 1189 he appears in the records as a judge of the forests of Yorkshire, Cumberland and Northumberland .

After Henry II's death in 1189, Roger's work for the royal crown also ended. Roger then entered the service of Hugh de Puiset , Bishop of Durham . The bishop entrusted Roger with diplomatic and administrative duties. Roger traveled to Pope Clement III , among others . to free the bishop from his crusade vows. After only nine months, Roger's service to the bishop ended.

Roger took part in the Third Crusade under Richard I in 1190 from Marseille . He returned home in August 1191 after winning Acre together with Philip II . Back home, he resumed his work for the Bishop of Durham . This activity ended with the bishop's death in 1195. Roger's records suddenly end in 1201, presumably due to his death.

Works

Roger von Hovedens Chronicle consists of two parts, the Gesta Henrici II Benedicti abbatis and the Chronica . The Gesta, which was part of the library of Abbot Benedict of Peterborough , consists of the revised Annals of Rogers for the years 1169 to 1192. It contains detailed information on judicial reforms and diplomatic matters. Roger was secretary at the English royal court at this time and therefore very well informed.

Even before the Gesta was completed , Roger began work on the Chronica , probably in 1192 . This deals with the history of England up to the year 1201. For the years 1169 to 1192, Roger falls back on his revised records of Gesta Henrici . However, he shortens the administrative part and deals with some events in more detail than in Gesta Henrici . The main topics dealt with in the Chronica are questions of domestic and foreign policy. These are described in great detail through Roger's connections to the royal crown. Although there is no indication that the work on the Chronica was completed, it ended very abruptly in 1201.

expenditure

  • Henricus Savile (Ed.): Rervm Anglicarvm Scriptores Post Bedam Praecipvi, Ex Vetvstissimis Codicibvs Manvscriptis Nvnc Primvm In Lvcem Editi. Willielmi Monachi Malmesburiensis de gestis Anglorum lib. V. Eiusdem Historia Nouellae lib. II. Eiusdem de gestis Pontificum Angl. lib. IIII. Henrici Archidiaconi Huntindoniensis Historiarum lib. VIII. Rogeri Hovedeni Annalium pars prior & posterior. Chronicorum Ethelwerdi lib. IIII. Ingvlphi Abbatis Croylandensis historiarum lib. I. Adiecta ad finem Chronologia . Bishop, Nuberie, & Barker, Londini 1596, digitized , reprint: Marnius vorm. Wechel, Francofurti 1601 digitized . (First edition)
  • William Stubbs (Ed.): Chronica Magistri Rogeri De Houedene (= Rerum britannicarum medii aevi scriptores or chronicles and memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the middle ages , 51, 1-4). 4 volumes, London 1868–1871, digitized: Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 , Vol. 3 , Vol. 4 , reprint: Kraus, Nendeln 1964.

Translations

  • Henry T. Riley : The Annals of Roger de Hoveden: Comprising the History of England and of other Countries of Europe from AD 732 to AD 1201 . 2 volumes, London 1853, digitized: Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 .

literature

  • Frank Barlow: Roger of Howden. In: English Historical Review Volume 65, 1950, pp. 352-360.
  • David Corner: The Earliest Surviving Manuscripts of Roger of Howden's Chronica . In: English Historical Review 98 (1983), pp. 297-310.
  • David Corner: The Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi and Chronica of Roger, Parson of Howden . In: Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. Volume 56, 1983, pp. 126-144.
  • David J. Corner: Roger of Howden . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 7, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7608-8907-7 , Sp. 943.
  • Patrick Gautier Dalché: You Yorkshire a l'inde. A "geographie" urbaine et maritime de la fin du XIIe siècle (Roger de Howden?). Geneva 2005.
  • John Gillingham: Historians without hindsight. Coggeshall, Diceto and Howden on the early years of John's reign. In: Stephen D. Church: King John. New Interpretations, Woodbridge 1999, pp. 1-26.
  • John Gillingham: Roger of Howden on Crusade. In: Richard Cœur de Lion. Kingship, Chivalry and War in the Twelfth Century. London 1994, pp. 141-153.
  • John Gillingham: The travels of Roger Howden and his views of the Irish, Scots, and Welsh. In: John Gillingham: The English in the Twelfth Century. Imperialism, National Identity and Political Values. Woodbridge 2000, pp. 69-91.
  • John Gillingham: Two Yorkshire historians compared: Roger of Howden and William of Newburgh. In: The Haskins Society journal 12 (2003), pp. 15-37.
  • Max Manitius : History of Latin Literature in the Middle Ages . Third part (volume) with Paul Lehmann's participation: From the outbreak of the church dispute to the end of the twelfth century . Munich 1931, pp. 411-413 ( HdAW 9.2.3, reprint 1964), digitized .
  • Doris Mary Stenton: Roger of Howden and "Benedict" In: The English Historical Review 68 (1953), pp. 574-581.

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