Rosslea

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Rosslea (Northern Ireland)
Rosslea
Rosslea
Location in Northern Ireland
Church in Rosslea.

Rosslea , also Roslea ( Irish Ros Liath ), is a village in historic County Fermanagh , Northern Ireland . The place belonged to the dissolved District Fermanagh and since 2015 belongs to the District Fermanagh and Omagh . It is 40 kilometers west of the town of Enniskillen on the border with County Monaghan , which is part of the Republic of Ireland . There are several small lakes in the vicinity of the village; the river Finn, one of the tributaries of Lough Erne, flows through the village . The 2001 census counted 554 inhabitants in Rosslea. 97.5 percent of these were Roman Catholic and 2.0 percent Protestant (or belonging to another Christian religion). The unemployment rate (16–74 years old) was 10.6 percent (Northern Ireland: 4.1 percent).

According to a description from 1880, Rosslea had 377 inhabitants in 68 families. In the village there were, among other things, a Roman Catholic church, two schools, two mills and a police station. A weekly market and a monthly cattle market were held in Rosslea .

In October 1883, Rosslea hosted a rally of 5,000 nationalists calling for Irish self-government . 7,000 people took part in a counter-demonstration organized by the Orange Order under Baron Rossmore . A flood of the Finn River made it easier for the police to separate the two demonstrations.

During the Irish War of Independence , officers from the Royal Irish Constabulary and the Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) burned down nearly every Catholic home in Rosslea in February 1921. Previously, an IRA attack on a USC police officer had failed. In March 1921, the IRA attacked 21 USC police officers' homes in the Rosslea area. Three people were killed in the process. The attacks, ordered by the commander of the 2nd Northern Division of the IRA, Eoin O'Duffy , met with outrage from nationalists and unionists .

After the partition of Ireland in 1921, Rosslea came to Northern Ireland. A proposal by the Joint Borders Commission from 1925 to add Rosslea to the Irish Free State in the course of minor border corrections remained unrealized. The demarcation interrupted the close economic ties between Rosslea and the cities of Monaghan (15 kilometers to the east) and Clones (six kilometers to the southwest). When using officially approved border crossings , the route to Monaghan was extended to 48 kilometers and to Clones to 29 kilometers. After considerable pressure, the direct road connection to Monaghan was officially opened for passenger traffic in 1956, but not for goods traffic. In addition, there were numerous cross-border side roads that were used for visits, going to church or by farmers to cultivate their fields, some of which were on both sides of the border. Permits were issued to locals to use the unofficial border crossings. Since the traffic at the unofficial border crossings was hardly controlled, only a few residents were in possession of a valid permit at the end of the 1960s.

In November 1955, Saor Uladh , a Republican splinter group led by Liam Kelly , attacked the RUC police station in Rosslea. A police officer was injured in the process; one of the attackers died of his injuries after escaping across the border. During the Border Campaign between 1956 and 1962, the IRA attacked the police station several times.

14 people died in the Rosslea area between 1972 and 1994 during the Northern Ireland conflict. These included four British Army soldiers , one member of the Ulster Defense Regiment , four RUC police officers, two IRA members and three civilians. In the early 1970s, the British Army blocked and blew up the unofficial border crossings to prevent the IRA from using them. This led to popular protests; In some cases, attempts were made to make the streets passable again. Cross-border roads were restored after the IRA ceasefire in 1994. As security measures were normalized, the heavily fortified Rosslea police station was closed in November 2005 and later demolished. The IRA had previously declared the end of its armed campaign.

In the early 1990s, the Rosslea Heritage Center was built in the former school building , which documents, among other things, the production of lace doilies in the area around Clones since 1847 .

Web links

Commons : Rosslea  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Area Profile of Rosslea - Based on 2001 Census ( Memento of October 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) at NINIS - Northern Ireland Neighborhood Information Service (accessed September 10, 2011).
  2. ↑ Trade directory from 1880, in facsimile at www.rooneys-of-roslea.com (accessed on September 10, 2011).
  3. ↑ Jonathan Bardon: A History of Ulster. Blackstaff, Belfast 1992, ISBN 0-85640-466-7 , pp. 372 f.
  4. ^ Robert John Lynch: The Northern IRA and the Early Years of Partition 1920-22. Hochschulschrift, University of Stirling 2003, pp. 84-86.
  5. ↑ JNH Douglas: The irreconcilable border. In: The Geographical Magazine. December 1976 (Vol. 49, No. 3) pp. 162-168.
  6. ↑ Barry Flyn: Soldiers of Folly. The IRA border campaign 1956–1962. Collins, Cork 2009, ISBN 978-1-8488-9016-9 , passim.
  7. ↑ Malcom Sutton: An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland - Chronological List of Deaths , at CAIN - Conflict Archive on the Internet of the University of Ulster (accessed September 7, 2011).
  8. ↑ See question by MP Ian Paisley to Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State Lord Lambton in the House of Commons on March 1, 1972 (accessed September 9, 2011).
  9. ↑ Independent Monitoring Commission : Fourteenth Report of the Independent Monitoring Commission (PDF; 1.0 MB), p. 54 (accessed on September 10, 2011).
  10. ^ Yvonne Jennerjahn: County Fermanagh: Castles, Graves, Pilgrims. In: Dietrich Schulze-Marmeling (Ed.): Northern Ireland. History, landscape, culture & tours. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 1996, ISBN 3-89533-177-5 , pp. 371–383, here p. 374.

Coordinates: 54 ° 14 ′ 21 ″  N , 7 ° 10 ′ 26 ″  W.