Rostock cathedral feud

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The Jakobikirche around 1920

Rostocker Domfehde is the name for a civil war-like uprising against the council oligarchy and prince arbitrariness that took place in Rostock from 1483 to 1492 . The term can be traced back to an anonymous contemporary chronicle Van der Rostocker Veide , copied by Valentinus Gerdes in 1558 .

history

The starting point for this feud was the intention to rename the no longer existing Sankt-Jakobi-Kirche in Rostock into a cathedral collegiate monastery. The remaining three Rostock parish churches were to be incorporated into this new cathedral . This was operated in particular by Duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg (1441–1503), as he believed that this would secure the financing of the University of Rostock and his power, because the benefices of all four churches should flow to the university. At the same time, however, such a procedure resulted in a deterioration in the pastoral care of the communities. The university professors had raised concerns about the project as early as 1483, as Albert Krantz reported in his Wandalia . They feared, not without good reason, that they would be drawn into the looming conflict between the Duke and the city, and felt that they were not sufficiently compensated with only four posts in the cathedral chapter. The citizens recognized the danger of increasing the ducal influence and also feared an increase in the power of the clergy, which is why they opposed it from the beginning. The city council tried to tact, but was inclined to go along with the duke.

The Duke initiated a canonical procedure with Bishop Konrad Loste , who on May 9, 1484, banished Rostock from the church . The city council allied itself with the lower clergy, the bourgeoisie and the university teachers and appealed against it to Pope Sixtus IV , but did not achieve its goal, because Sixtus died and his successor Innocent VIII (1432-1492) decreed in November 1484 in a bull the establishment of the Kollegiatstift. After several negotiations remained unsuccessful, the duke threatened military measures. The council was forced to give in at an arbitration day in Wilsnack in 1486 .

Atonement stone for Thomas Rode

On January 14, 1487, two days after the consecration of the monastery, there was an uprising among the impoverished population, especially the craftsmen. The newly appointed provost Thomas Rode was murdered on the street and the princes present had to flee first. Rostock was now banned from church by Johannes V. von Berkentin , Bishop of Ratzeburg . Because of this, and out of concern for their safety , the university members moved out of the city with a ducal escort and - against the will of the duke - went to Lübeck , but were not safe from attacks by angry Rostock citizens there either. Some councilors, including the mayors Bartold Kerkhof and Arndt Hasselbeck , left the city while the duke besieged Rostock together with Johann IV of Saxe-Lauenburg-Ratzeburg and Bogislaw X. of Pomerania.

When there was already the danger that teaching would be completely dissolved, the university was able to return to Rostock in 1488, which was probably also thanks to the mediation of the former professor and now Lübeck Syndicus Albert Krantz. But the conflict between citizens and university was not resolved. The unauthorized leaving of Mecklenburg also worsened the relationship with the Duke.

The rebels under Dietrich Boldewan and Hans Runge forced an addition to the council in 1489. Boldewan himself became mayor. The new council sought, through the mediation of other cities in the Wendish quarter of the Hanseatic League, under the leadership of Lübeck's mayor Heinrich Brömse, an understanding solution with the parties to the dispute. But the reconciliation of the old with the new council met with resistance from the rebels under the leadership of master stonemason Hinrich Runge. The uprising lasted until 1492 and ended with the execution of Runge, after which Rungestrasse was named in 1947 , on April 14, 1492, as well as three other rebels. The uprising had been put down by the ducal troops, and the dukes also demanded penances, higher taxes and soldiers for the Mecklenburg army. Rostock had to agree to the establishment of the collegiate monastery and initially did not become a free imperial city . The university too had to bow to the Duke's demands. The four benefices for outgoing professors were very poorly endowed.

This cathedral feud essentially contributed to preparing the city and the surrounding area for the ideas of the Reformation . The conflicts themselves lasted until the first Rostock inheritance contract in 1573.

The Rostock early humanist Hinrich Boger processed the feud in one of his poems and then became a pastor at St. Jakobi himself.

literature

  • Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller : "Pfaffenkriege" in the late medieval Hanseatic region. Historical-systematic comparative studies to Braunschweig, Osnabrück, Reval, Lüneburg and Rostock. Volume 1, Verlag Böhlau, 1988, pp. 194-266.
  • Otto Krabbe : The University of Rostock in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Rostock 1854, pp. 179-222.
  • Karl Ernst Hermann Krause : Van der Rostocker Veide. Rostock Chronicle from 1487–1491. Edited from the manuscript for the first time. Rostock 1880 (Gymnasium and Realschule 1st order in Rostock 1880. For public examinations and speech practice. Program of the Gymnasium and Realschule in Rostock).
  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Latin chronicle about the Rostock cathedral dealers, 1484–1487. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 43 (1878), pp. 187-188.
  • Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 .
  • Ernst Saß: The rhyming chronicle about the Rostock cathedral dealers. In: Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 45 (1880), pp. 33-52, 314.

Web link

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 , p. 87.
  2. ↑ Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 , p. 84.
  3. ↑ Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 , p. 90 f.
  4. ↑ Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 , p. 100.
  5. ↑ Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 , p. 108.
  6. ↑ Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 , pp. 112-114.
  7. ↑ s: de: ADB: Hasselbeck, Arndt
  8. ↑ Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 , pp. 116-118.
  9. ^ "Henricus Runge": Albert Krantz : Wandalia. Hanover 1619, p. 177 f. ( Google Books )
  10. ↑ Marko Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Böhlau-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20039-8 , p. 126.