Konrad Loste

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Tombstone of Bishop Konrad Loste in Schwerin Cathedral; Drawing from 1835; the stone broke in 1866/67
Coat of arms on the cloister of the Schwerin Cathedral

Konrad Loste , also Conrad (* between 1416 and 1418 in Wismar ; † December 24, 1503 in Bützow ) was canon of Schwerin as a jurist from 1449 and later of Lübeck and from 1482 to 1503 bishop of the Schwerin diocese .

Life

Loste came from an advisory, respected middle-class family in the Hanseatic city of Wismar . He was born in Wismar between 1416 and 1418. His father Peter Loste was the son of a councilor from Wismar and himself from 1428 with interruption until his death in 1451 mayor of Wismar. Conrad had a brother and a sister from his first marriage and three half-brothers from his father's second marriage.

In the summer semester of 1432 Konrad Loste began studying at the University of Rostock , and in 1436 acquired his first academic degrees with a bachelor's degree in philosophy. At Easter 1440 he was registered in Erfurt , probably there he obtained the title of Doctor of Both Rights. When Greifswald University was opened in 1456, he was a doctor of both rights in academic teaching until 1457.

Loste was a canon in the Schwerin cathedral chapter as early as 1447 and received a benefice from 1449 . He was first canon in Schwerin , but was later accepted into the Lübeck cathedral chapter , to which he was a member as Bishop of Schwerin until 1495. The office of Archdeacon of Tribsees had fallen to him in the Schwerin diocese administration .

The Schwerin bishop Nikolaus II von Pentz died in May 1482. On July 2nd, 1482 Konrad Loste was elected as his successor, paid the due annates to Pope Sixtus IV and received papal confirmation. In addition to his erudition, his not inconsiderable family fortune for the cathedral chapter of the indebted diocese should have played a role in the choice . As early as September 23, 1482, Konrad Loste confirmed several documents as bishop. In October 1482, however, he attested to a Lübeck document as the senior of the Lübeck cathedral chapter. The episcopal ordination took place on March 9, 1483 in Bützow .

In the further disputes of his term of office he imposed the harshest church sentences in the Rostock cathedral feud of the years 1482-92 in order to enforce the sovereign influence in the Hanseatic city through the establishment of a collegiate foundation against the citizens with Duke Magnus II . On May 9, 1484, Bishop Loste imposed the ban on church and the interdict on certain people, representatives of the guilds and the city of Rostock. Only in the Wismar settlement on May 20, 1491 with the approval of the Rostock Council for the establishment of the Jacobsstift and the establishment of a stone of atonement for the murdered provost Thomas Rode , Bishop Konrad Loste in the presence of Bishop Johannes von Berkentin von Ratzeburg removes the city of Rostock from the ban and interdict .

Konrad Loste played an important role in the conviction of the Mecklenburg Jews in 1492, triggered by an allegedly joint desecration of the host by all Jews in Mecklenburg. He was involved in the so-called Sternberg host - molester trial , as a result of which 27 Jews were burned at the stake and all the others, 265 in number, had to leave the state of Mecklenburg . In addition to the cathedral feud, the Sternberg host sacrilege was another nationally significant event in Konrad Loste's tenure as bishop. So many high-ranking masters of spiritual and secular power were present at the trial and apparently also drew inspiration from it in dealing with the Jews in their own territories. For example, Bogislaw X. (Pomerania) drove the Jews out of his territory soon after the Sternberg trial. Modern research now considers it extremely probable that the Mecklenburg trial was a pure denunciation of the Jews, with feuds of power between the clerical and secular lords of Mecklenburg playing a role in addition to the motive of anti-Semitism .

Bishop Loste also tried to create order in the economic and financial situation of his diocese. In order to enforce the statutes of the reform synod of 1492, he ordered 1495 visitations in the monasteries of his land in agreement with the ducal councils. In addition to the Ribnitz Clare monastery , the two Benedictine monasteries Dobbertin and Rühn were also affected. The Dominican monasteries in the country and the Cistercians in Doberan were also visited.

Bishop Loste had proven himself to be a benefactor from his income, which was not insignificant even in pre-episcopal times. In 1495 he donated a high altar to the Schwerin Cathedral of St. Maria and St. Johannes Evangelista. The Schwerin reredos can still be seen today as a Loste altar in the church. In addition to a chapel donated in 1501, the still preserved altar in the Bützow collegiate church is a Konrad Lostes foundation.

Bishop Konrad Loste died on December 24, 1503 in Bützow. He was both a dedicated benefactor of his church and one of the main culprits in the condemnation of numerous innocent Jews.

Grave slab

Bishop Loste was buried in front of the high altar in Schwerin Cathedral. His grave slab was to the north next to the other episcopal grave slabs in front of the high altar, near a north pillar in the beginning of the north aisle. During the neo-Gothic redesign of the chancel in 1866/67, the stone was lifted to enlarge the sanctuary and removed from the sanctuary. In doing so he broke; only the smaller, upper part was later placed as a fragment in the north transept; Lisch suspects that the larger lower part was placed as a plinth under the new choir stalls.

The grave slab is made of gray Swedish limestone , under a canopy the life-size, standing image of the bishop in episcopal clothing, right hand raised in blessing, holding the bishop's staff with the left hand, his well-known coat of arms on the right, half a ram with a ram Bishop's staff. The evangelist symbols are located on the four corners. The inscription in large, heavily curled Gothic letters reads: In the year of the Lord 1503, on the Vigil Day of Christmas, the venerable father in Christ Conrad (Loste added), Bishop of Schwerin, doctor of both rights, died for his church a generous benefactor.

seal

As a bishop, Conrad Loste held two different seals .

A round seal called sigillum maius had a youthful-looking saint with a chalice in front of his chest, the evangelist Johannes, who was next to Mary the patron saint of Schwerin Cathedral. On the lower edge the seal was provided with the coat of arms of the bishop. The inscription is on ribbons, the unwritten ends of which fall down on both sides of the whole figure.

The inscription reads: SIGILLU CONRADI. DEI. GRA. EPI. ZWERINEN.

A smaller second seal differs slightly from the larger one only in the figure shown. This is half visible here and has no halo around the head. The same inscription is kept flat.

coat of arms

A stone-carved coat of arms of Bishop Loste is immured in the outer wall of the northern cloister at the Schwerin Cathedral at the eastern entrance. The front half of a ram has an upright bishop's staff in its left claw . Traces of color can still be seen on the artwork, the shield was blue, the claw black and there are red spots on the ram's neck.

The same coat of arms carved out of stone can be found on the south-eastern outer wall of the collegiate church of Bützow.

The coat of arms of Bishop Loste is also painted on the upper edge of document no. XIV., Which was issued on April 21, 1493 for the brothers from the common life of St. Michael in Rostock to give Bishop Lostes indulgences in favor of their chapel. Half a right-facing yellow ram with a bishop's staff in its claw can be seen on a blue shield. Shield holders are a unicorn on the right and a lion on the left.

literature

  • Bernhard Hederich : directories of the bishops to Schwerin. In: Georg Gustav Gerdes: Useful collection of various good, partly unprinted documents and documents . 6. Collection, Wismar 1737, pp. 458-473.
  • Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg. I./II. Wismar 1741.
  • David Franck : Old and New Mecklenburg. Güstrow, Leipzig 1753.
  • Ernst Deecke : News on the history of the Diocese of Schwerin , in: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology , Vol. 21 (1856), p. 179 (digitized version)
  • Gerhard Müller-Alpermann: Status and origin of the bishops of the Magdeburg and Hamburg church provinces in the Middle Ages. Prenzlau 1930.
  • Karl Schmaltz: Church history of Mecklenburg. Volume 1, Schwerin 1935.
  • Ernst Deecke : The Bishop Conrad Loste. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology 21 (1856), p. 179 ( full text )
  • Ludwig Schultz:  Loste, Konrad . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 619 f.
  • Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. The dictionary of persons . Hinstorff Verlag, Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-356-01301-6 , p. 6039 .
  • Alfred Rische: Directory of the bishops and canons of Schwerin with biographical remarks. Ludwigslust 1900.
  • Josef Traeger : The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984.
  • Josef Traeger: The Bishops of the Diocese of Schwerin. In: The Stiftsland of the Schwerin bishops around Bützow and Warin. St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1984.
  • Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. (1995) p. 267.
  • Andreas Röpcke : Wealthy and charitable. In: SVZ, Mecklenburg-Magazin No. 20 (2003) pp. 7–8.
  • Andreas Röpcke: Wealthy and Charitable - The Schwerin Bishop Conrad Loste. In: MJB 119 (2004), pp. 41-62.
  • Kristina Hegner: The altar donations of Bishop Conrad Loste and an enigmatic picture in the State Museum Schwerin. In: MJB 119 (2004), pp. 63-85.
  • Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. (2011).
  • Fritz Backhaus: The host desecration trials of Sternberg (1492) and Berlin (1510) and the expulsion of the Jews from Mecklenburg and the Mark Brandenburg. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History , Vol. 39, Berlin 1988, pp. 7–26.

swell

Printed sources

Unprinted sources

Web links

Commons : Konrad Loste  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the (now lost) inscription on his grave slab: in vigilia nativitatis (description by Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch : Der Dom zu Schwerin. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology 36 (1871), pp. 147–203 full text ( Memento from January 5, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), here p. 201f); according to a Lübeck source handed down by Deecke (lit.), however, on the day Hermoginis martiris (December 12th)
  2. ^ Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg . II. 1741 pp. 2339-2342.
  3. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
  4. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
  5. ↑ Andreas Röpcke: Wealthy and Charitable. The Schwerin bishop Conrad Loste . MJB 119 (2004) pp. 42-43.
  6. ↑ Document book of the Diocese of Lübeck UBBL III. No. 1816, 1950.
  7. ^ Josef Traeger: The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin . 1984 p. 159.
  8. ↑ UBBL III. No. 1950.
  9. ↑ Andreas Röpcke: Wealthy and Charitable - The Schwerin Bishop Conrad Loste. MJB 119 (2004) pp. 46-50.
  10. ↑ Volker Honemann: The Sternberger desecration of the host and its sources. 2008, with reference to the single-sheet print by Simon Koch: Van der mishandelinge des hilligen Sacraments der bosse ioden to den Sternberge. Magdeburg, 1492.
  11. ^ Fritz Backhaus: The processes of desecration of the host in Sternberg (1492) and Berlin (1510) and the expulsion of the Jews from Mecklenburg and the Mark Brandenburg. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History , Vol. 39, Berlin 1988, pp. 7–26.
  12. ^ Karl Schmaltz: Church history of Mecklenburgs , I. 1935 pp. 258-259.
  13. ↑ Horst Ende , Jutta Brothers: The Schwerin Cathedral . 2005 pp. 42-48. ISBN 3-422-06519-9
  14. ↑ Kristina Hegener: The altar donations of Bishop Conrad Loste and an enigmatic picture in the State Museum Schwerin . In: MJB 119 (2004) pp. 63-85.
  15. ^ Friedrich Lisch: The cathedral to Schwerin. In: MJB 36 (1871) pp. 200-201 .; see also Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, reprint Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , p. 567
  16. ↑ Landeskirchliches Archiv Schwerin, documents of the Rostock church economy, No. 263.
  17. ↑ LHAS 1.5-2 / 2 documents Bl. Schwerin, No. 185a.
  18. ^ Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, reprint Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , p. 549
  19. ^ Friedrich Lisch : History of the episcopal Schwerin coat of arms. In: MJB 8 (1843) p. 26.
  20. ↑ Friedrich Lisch: Documents of the brothers from the common life at St. Michael in Rostock. In: MJB 4 (1839) p. 245.
predecessor Office successor
Nicholas II of Pentz Bishop of Schwerin
1482 - 1503 		Johannes of Thun


personal data
SURNAME Loste, Konrad
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Loste, Conrad
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jurist and Roman Catholic bishop of the Schwerin diocese
DATE OF BIRTH between 1416 and 1418
PLACE OF BIRTH Wismar
DATE OF DEATH December 24, 1503
Place of death Bützow