Rust wren

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Rust wren
Rust wren

Rust wren

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Cinnycerthia
Type : Rust wren
Scientific name
Cinnycerthia olivascens
Sharpe , 1882

The rust Wren ( Cinnycerthia olivascens ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) in Colombia , Ecuador and Peru is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The rust wren reaches a body length of about 16 cm with a weight of the male of about 25.9 g and the female of 23.0 g. The plumage is completely brown, but in different shades. The top of the head is dark grayish brown, the back and rump reddish brown. The wings of the hand and the wings of the arm are light red-brown with matt blackish lines that extend to the larger upper wing coverts. The control feathers are maroon with many fine blackish bands. The chin and throat are pale grayish brown, the abdomen and cloaca are reddish brown. The eyes are light brown or gray, the beak dark gray-brown and the legs gray. Both sexes are similar. Adolescent juveniles resemble adult birds, but have a grayish area behind the eye.

Behavior and nutrition

It has been observed in Ecuador how the rust wren brought small snails, crickets, flies, beetles, adult butterflies and maggot-like insects to its nestlings. In Colombia these were moths, grasshoppers, butterfly larvae and earthworms. He looks for his food in the strata close to the ground , mostly in dense vegetation. It is very sociable and often travels in groups of up to ten birds.

Vocalizations

The song of the rust wren consists of a complex and variable series of musical phrases with changeable accentuation. The sounds contain a soft, deep wurt tone.

Reproduction

Birds in breeding mood have been observed in Colombia from June to August. He built a nest in northeast Ecuador in January. A second nest with two nestlings and one egg was discovered in April, and a third in November contained three eggs. The nests were bulky, closed balls with a tubular entrance leading downwards and were placed on low scrub or trees at 1.5 to 3 meters above the ground. One measured 24 cm and was 21 cm wide. It was mainly made of roots, large amounts of moss and bamboo leaves, which he woven into the nest ball. The eggs were white with sparse reddish brown spots on the larger end. The eggs are approximately 21.4 × 15.1 mm in size. Two nestlings, similar to the young adults, however, had bright yellow outer and inner bills. In Colombia, 12 active nests have been discovered in Aphelandra acanthus . The breeding season was about 19 days. Four of the nests were ultimately without successful offspring, the other eight had an average of two nestlings. Both sexes incubate the eggs. It is reported from Colombia that the birds join together in groups of up to seven specimens. The group's territory is approximately 7.6 hectares and they are reared together in the group, with the group only having one breeding pair. All members of the group build and sleep together in nesting quarters with one to three individuals per group. New nests are often built from the material of old nests. The group composition is very variable. Birds of all ages often join new groups and become helpers as soon as they join the group.

distribution and habitat

The rust wren prefers mossy forests, including forest edges and cloud and cloud forests, often with bamboo of the genus Chusquea . It usually moves at altitudes of 1500 to 3100 meters, but on the Pacific slopes in the Departamento del Cauca it is present at altitudes above 900 meters.

migration

It is believed that the rust wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Cinnycerthia olivascens bogotensis ( Matschie , 1885) occurs in north-central Colombia. The subspecies is clearly darker than the nominate form and never has white coloring in the face area.
  • Cinnycerthia olivascens olivascens Sharpe , 1882 is distributed in western Colombia via Ecuador to northern Peru.

Etymology and history of research

The rust wren was first described in 1882 by Richard Bowdler Sharpe under the scientific name Cinnicerthia [sic] olivascens . The type specimen came from Santa Elena in the Departamento de Antioquia and was collected by Thomas Knight Salmon (1841–1878). In 1846, René Primevère Lesson introduced the new generic name Cinnycerthia . This name is made up of "cinnuris κιννυρις " for "a small bird according to Hesychios of Alexandria ", a name that Georges Cuvier used in 1817 for a genus of nectar birds , and "certhios κερθιος " for "a small tree dweller who, according to Aristotle, eats insects" together. The species name "olivascens" is the Latin word for "somewhat olive" from "olivia" from "olive". »Bogotensis« refers to Bogotá .

literature

Web links

Commons : Rust Wren ( Cinnycerthia olivascens )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ↑ a b Paul Matschie (1885), p. 466.
  4. ↑ a b Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1882), p. 184, plate 11.
  5. ^ René Primevère Lesson, p. 182.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 108.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 281.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Lesson categorized Cinnycerthia cinnamomea , a synonym for the monochrome wren ( Cinnycerthia unirufa ( Lafresnaye , 1840)), into the new genus.