Monochrome wren

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Monochrome wren
Monochrome wren

Monochrome wren

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Cinnycerthia
Type : Monochrome wren
Scientific name
Cinnycerthia unirufa
( Lafresnaye , 1840)

The monochrome Wren ( Cinnycerthia unirufa ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) that in Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The monochrome wren reaches a body length of about 16.5 cm and a weight of about 21 to 29 g. The plumage is completely brown, but in different shades. The top of the head is orange-brown, the neck and shoulders rather chestnut brown, which merges into reddish brown in the back of the back. The wings of the hand and the wings are chestnut colored and marked with narrow blackish lines. The control feathers are reddish brown with inconspicuously darker bands. The chin is lighter, the chest is orange-brown and turns reddish-brown towards the cloaca . The reins are blackish, the beak and legs black. The eyes are brown. Both sexes are similar. Young animals resemble adult birds, but the black lines on the flight feathers are missing.

Behavior and nutrition

The monochrome wren seems to feed exclusively on invertebrates. He looks for his food in the lower strata and often rummages in the garbage on the floor. He is very sociable and often joins mixed groups.

Vocalizations

The singing of the monochrome wren consists of loud, impressive and quickly repeated two or three tones, e.g. B. sound like chu-tu . These are overlaid by loud metallic trills. The whole thing takes at least 10 seconds. Often both genders sing in a duet, in which sometimes other group members also participate. He also calls a quiet Tschurr or wit-wit or a loud hard gia if an intruder disturbs him.

Reproduction

In the Sierra de Perijá , the monochrome wren is in a breeding mood from June to August. Young animals of the subspecies C. u, unibrunnea were observed in Colombia in March. From November there is a report from the south-east of Ecuador about nest building activities of two adult birds. It was built in a tree 5 meters above the ground, was oval in shape and made of grass, moss and twigs. The nest was 15 cm in diameter and had an entrance cavity that was about 3.5 cm wide.

distribution and habitat

The one-color wren prefers wet mountain forests, forest edges and scrub forests. Often there is bamboo of the genus Chusquea in its habitat . It moves at altitudes of 2200 to 3300 meters.

migration

It is believed that the monochrome wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

There are three known subspecies:

  • Cinnycerthia unirufa unirufa ( Lafresnaye , 1840) is widespread in northeast Colombia and southwest Venezuela.
  • Cinnycerthia unirufa chakei Aveledo & Ginés , 1952 occurs in the northwest of Venezuela. The subspecies has whitish to gray eyes.
  • Cinnycerthia unirufa unibrunnea ( Lafresnaye , 1853) occurs from central Colombia via Ecuador to northern Peru. The subspecies appears darker and more matt than the nominate form .

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the single-color wren was made in 1840 by Frédéric de Lafresnaye under the scientific name Limnornis unirufus . The type specimen was Auguste Boissonneau of Santafe de Bogota received. In 1846, René Primevère Lesson introduced the new generic name Cinnycerthia . This name is made up of "cinnuris κιννυρις " for "a small bird according to Hesychios of Alexandria ", a name that Georges Cuvier used in 1817 for a genus of nectar birds , and "certhios κερθιος " for "a small tree dweller who, according to Aristotle, eats insects" together. The species name »unirufa« is a Latin word formation from »uni-, unus« for »single, only, one« and »rufus« for »fox red, reddish«, »unibrunnea« with »brunneus, brunius« for »brown«. »Chakei« refers to the ethnological tribe of the Chaké , who traditionally live in the region of the Rio Negro in the Sierra de Perijá.

literature

  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma , David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Rufous Wren (Cinnycerthia unirufa) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota . In: Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne . tape 3 , 1840, p. 101-106 (French, biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 5 , 1853, pp. 56-62 (French, biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ramón Aveledo Hostos, Pablo Mandazen Soto (Brother Ginés): Cuatro aves nuevas y dos extensiones de distribución para Venezuela, de Perijá . In: Novedades científicas: contribuciones ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural la Salle (=  series zoologica ). tape 1 , 1952, ZDB -ID 920148-8 , p. 1-15 (Spanish).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Catalog des oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de la collection Abeillé . In: L'Écho du monde savant et l'Hermès: journal analytique des nouvelles et des cours scientifiques (=  2 ). tape 11 , no. 8 , 1844, pp. 182-184 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Monochrome Wren ( Cinnycerthia unirufa )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ↑ a b Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1840), p. 105.
  4. ↑ a b Ramón Aveledo Hostos u. a. Pp. 7-8
  5. ↑ Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1853), pp. 59–60.
  6. ^ René Primevère Lesson, p. 182.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 108.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 396.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Lesson categorized Cinnycerthia cinnamomea , a synonym for the monochrome wren, into the new genus.