Red Barracks (Potsdam)
.svg){kind=small} Red barracks
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Red barracks |
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| country | Germany | ||
| today | Condominiums, retirement homes, offices, commercial |
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| local community | Potsdam | ||
| Coordinates : | 52 ° 26 ' N , 13 ° 3' E | ||
| Opened | 1892 to 1895 | ||
| owner | Private | ||
| Old barracks names | |||
| 1893-1919 1919-1938 1938-1945 1945-1993 |
Barracks of the 2nd and 4th Guards Field Artillery Regiments Delius barracks (northern part) Guard artillery barracks Barracks Potsdam-Nedlitz |
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| Formerly stationed units | |||
| 2nd Guards Field Artillery Regiment 4th Guards Field Artillery Regiment |
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Location of the Red Barracks in Brandenburg |
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The Rote Kaserne is a former barracks in the Nauener Vorstadt in Potsdam . It was built from 1892 to 1895 and expanded several times. It owes its name to the red brick with which it was built. Large parts of the complex on Nedlitzer Strasse have been under monument protection since 1999 .
history
founding
The 2nd and 4th Guards Field Artillery Regiments of the Prussian Army, originally set up in Potsdam, had their location at Berlin's Kupfergraben since 1773 . However, due to the poor condition of the buildings there and a lack of space, a new location had to be chosen in 1890. The choice fell on an undeveloped piece of land on the northern edge of Potsdam on Nedlitzer Strasse. From 1892, the new barracks for the two regiments were built there according to plans by the garrison construction inspector and architect Robert Klingelhöffer. The move took place in several stages from 1893. In 1895 construction work on what was then the largest and most modern barracks in Potsdam was completed. In 1913 another service building was built at the confluence of Fritz-von-der-Lancken- and Nedlitzer Straße.
Between the world wars
As part of the demilitarization after the First World War , the 2nd and 4th Guards Field Artillery Regiment were disbanded in 1919. After that, Intelligence Department 3, IV. Riding Department and the training battery of the 3rd Artillery Regiment of the Reichswehr used the building. The assembly was expanded in the 1920s to include a reception and transmission system with a radio mast and a new residential and service building with workshops and garages. In 1933 the Wehrmacht took over the barracks. It was spared from destruction in the Second World War .
Red Army barracks
At the end of the 1940s the Red Army took over the barracks. Plans by the city of Potsdam to convert the buildings into office and residential buildings came to nothing because the Soviet Army permanently claimed the barracks as the location for the 34th Artillery Division of the Soviet Army Group in Germany . Apart from minor additions and alterations, there were hardly any structural changes. A cinema was set up in the former parade house.
Conversion
After the withdrawal of the Russian troops in 1993, the buildings were empty. As early as 1991, the city of Potsdam had drawn up a development plan for the barracks and the surrounding area “Bornstedter Feld”, which provided for the area to be divided into three: commercial use in the north, a mixed area in the middle and a residential area in the south. In 1995 this development plan became legally binding. The development agency Bornstedter Feld GmbH , a subsidiary of the municipal housing company Pro Potsdam , took over the development and marketing of the area. Even before it was listed in 1999, the particularly badly dilapidated former stables were demolished and contaminated sites in the ground were removed.
In the period that followed, the buildings and areas were sold to private investors and renovated in several steps . In 2001 the French director Jean-Jacques Annaud used the former barracks as a setting for the film Duell - Enemy at the Gates .
Two of the buildings were acquired by the PanMedium Foundation and converted into a data processing center, funded by the Brandenburg Ministry of Economics. This project filed for bankruptcy in 2005. One of the officers' houses has housed the Shanghai Business Center since 2012 , which is intended to develop economic relations between Germany and the People's Republic of China . In addition, the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks (BImA) and the manufacturer of helicopter models Mikado use parts of the Red Barracks as office, storage and production buildings.
One of the large team buildings was converted for residential use (especially for senior citizens) on behalf of the workers' welfare organization. The gatehouses were converted into a residential building and an office building between 2007 and 2008. The company Terraplan from Nuremberg , represented by managing director Erik Roßnagel, acquired the bakery and chamber building (now called Château Palmeraie ), two of the team buildings ( Grand Palais du Lion , Palais Klingelhöffer ), an officer's house ( La Maison des Officiers ), the Remise ( Cour d' Equipage ) to set up condominiums in it. A new residential building ( Les Maisons privées ) was built to the east of the bakery and chamber building.
Overall, it turned out that the demand for commercial space was very low for the neighboring residential buildings because of the poor transport connections and the restrictions imposed by monument protection and noise protection. At the same time, however, the demand for living space exceeded expectations. As a consequence, the development plan was changed in 2009 and the entire area was declared a residential and mixed area. The commercial shares envisaged in this context were further reduced in the following years. With the exception of the northernmost team building ( Palais Klingelhöffer ), which has been under renovation since 2015 , all construction and renovation projects have been completed. The Potsdam property developer Wittfoth renovated the former parade house ( Les Arcs Lenné ) by 2011 and is currently building several two-family houses with underground parking under the name Wohnen im Park in the area between the former stable building and the parade house . In total, more than 600 apartments have been built on the barracks site, including a student dormitory. All in all, it is primarily a question of apartments in the upscale equipment and price range.
designation
The Red Barracks owes its name to the color of the brick from which the majority of its buildings were built. This designation only became common after the fall of the Wall . Previously the barracks was known as the barracks of the 2nd and 4th Guards Artillery Regiments . The northern section of the site used by the communications department 3 was called Delius-Kaserne between 1919 and 1938 . In 1938, the entire facility was renamed the Guard Artillery Barracks . The Soviet and Russian troops called them barracks Potsdam-Nedlitz ( Russian Казарма Потсдам-Недлиц ).
architecture
Overall system
The barracks are located on the northern outskirts of Potsdam in the Nauen suburb. In the north there is the Nedlitzer Holz forest, in the east there is an allotment garden and villa district. In the south it borders on the former Graue Kaserne (Nedlitzer Kaserne) at the foot of the Pfingstberg . The western boundary is the Nedlitzer Straße. The water supply to the barracks was once provided by a richly designed water tower , which, however, has not been preserved.
The barracks were laid out from 1892 in what was then a new “ pavilion system ”. Since the individual functional areas were housed in separate buildings, mutual hindrances between the troops and work processes could largely be avoided. The construction also prevented the spread of fires. The residential and administrative buildings were oriented towards Nedlitzer Strasse; they comprised a staff building, four team buildings and two farm buildings. In the eastern area were the functional buildings such as the bakery and chamber building (warehouse), hospital stables, parade grounds and house, horse stables, riding arenas and workshops.
building
Robert Klingelhöffer designed the first buildings of the Red Barracks in the Märkische Brick Gothic style . This was reminiscent of the city gates and fortifications from the heyday of Prussian cities in the late Middle Ages and symbolized the ability to defend themselves. Red brick was mainly used as building material . In addition to shaped stones for cornices and gables , dark glazed stones were also used, which particularly protected against the effects of the weather and structured the facades through the color contrast to the red walls. The buildings that were added later were also built with red clinker, but without the Gothic forms.
Crew and officers houses
The four team buildings on Nedlitzer Strasse are largely identical in design. The design as a three-wing complex with a central projection and stepped gables is reminiscent of a castle. As part of the renovation, office space, a creative center, a retirement home and condominiums were set up in them. The two northern team building (now the Grand Palais du Lion and Palais Klingelhoeffer called) received or obtained from the remediation to the east Balkonvorbauten and roof terraces , open areas have been or are redesigned as playgrounds and recreational gardens, restored the historical enclosure for Nedlitzer road. The officers' houses, which have now also been renovated (now the La Maison des Officiers residential complex and Shanghai Business Center ), take up the design of the crew buildings on a smaller scale.
Grand Palais du Lion before renovation, 2009
Retirement home with entrance on Graf-von-Schwerin-Strasse, 2015
Palais Klingelhöffer before renovation, 2015
Officer's House La Maison des Officiers , 2015
Facade of the retirement home with stepped gables, 2013
Chamber and bakery building
The most striking building of the Red Barracks because of its size is the former chamber and bakery building, which housed storage rooms for cannons, the army bakery and the armory. The central projection is crowned by a sculpture made of sandstone from Georg Friedrich Bouman . This was originally located on the barracks of the 4th Artillery Regiment built in 1773 on the Kupfergraben in Berlin-Mitte. When the building was replaced by a new building in 1879, the stone sculpture came to Potsdam and was installed in the chamber and bakery building as a spoiler and reminder of the former troop location. In the middle of the sculpture is a crowned obelisk , which is decorated with the initials of Frederick the Great ( FR ) and bears the inscription Anno 1773 . On either side of the obelisk are riders with guns and weapons. The building is in the current subdivision on a plot of land measuring around 3200 square meters.
At around 30 meters, the building is extraordinarily deep. In order to adequately light the interior of the newly created apartments, the central part of the building was gutted during the renovation in 2007/2008. At the point of intervention, an atrium with a foil roof was created that extends over all floors . The walls of the atrium were laid out as arcades to access the apartments. Palm trees were planted in the courtyard , which is why the building was given the newly introduced name Château Palmeraie . Since the building front could not be changed with balconies due to the preservation of monuments, loggias were created on the side facades. Another decisive change to the facade involved adding heights to the two side towers. The upper floors of four apartments were built there, which through their large windows let in more light than the small pointed arch windows from the existing building section. Inside, only parts of the old wood could be saved. A large part had fallen victim to the water penetrating through the roof and the cellar walls. The old, insufficiently load-bearing floor ceilings were retained, but were supplemented by newly installed ceilings. In addition to the reconstruction of all supply and disposal systems, an elevator was installed. The room layouts were largely retained in their original state.
The 27 two- to four-room apartments between 60 and 120 square meters in size in the chamber and bakery building have a total living space of around 2600 square meters and high-quality furnishings. The renovation investments were around 5 million euros. Marketing began as soon as construction work began. With the exception of three apartments, all units were acquired by investors. The project developer Terraplan will continue to manage the entire complex and rent out apartments on behalf of the owners.
State before the renovation, 2005
Condition after the renovation, 2011
Sculpture on the central risalit
Atrium with palm trees
Riding arenas, stables, coach house and workshops
The area of the riding arenas and horse stables built in the 1890s is located in the south of the former barracks. Although it was purely functional buildings away from the public street, the complex was given a rich design with cornices , gables and tracery windows . As Les Étables Royales , the refurbished group of buildings with lofts now houses condominiums ; The former riding arena in the courtyard has been converted into park areas and gardens.
The elongated coach house and the workshop building were added as two-storey clinker buildings in the 1920s . After the later extensions were demolished, both are now used for residential purposes under the names Cour d ' Équipage and L'Atelier Royal .
Workshop before renovation, 2009
Workshop after renovation, 2011
Remise before renovation, 2009
Remise after renovation, 2011
Stables before renovation, 2008
Refurbished stables, 2010
Parade House
The parade house (marketed as Les Arcs Lenné ) is on the northern edge of the Red Barracks. The cantilevered roof structure with timber framing - ties on the system Polonceau was repaired in the renovation of 2010. The arcades on the facades were partially opened to window areas for the apartments inside; the three arches and the sloping roof on the central axis of the south facade were opened to the outside and the area behind was converted into an open atrium garden.
Parade house after the renovation, 2012
Interior with roof before renovation, 2010
literature
- [Friedrich Wilhelm] Beutner: The Royal Prussian Guard Artillery . tape 2 . Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1894, p. 326-327 . ( Text archive - Internet Archive ).
- Catrin During, Albrecht Ecke: Built! Architecture guide Potsdam . Lukas, Berlin 2007, ISBN 3-936872-90-2 , p. 70 .
- Hartmut Knitter, Rainer Lambrecht: Around the Bornstedter Feld. Highlights of the history of the northern Potsdam area . Node, Potsdam 2006, ISBN 978-3-939090-01-4 , p. 136-147 .
- Converting Non-Residential Buildings to Residential Real Estate - Documentation of the case studies . Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research, 2015, bbsr.bund.de (PDF)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monument List Potsdam (PDF; 483 kB), as of December 31, 2007
- ↑ Beutner: Garde-Artillerie , pp. 326–327.
- ↑ a b c Guido Berg: Living where the cavalry marched . In: Potsdam's latest news . November 1, 2011 ( pnn.de ).
- ^ Knitter, Lambrecht: Bornstedter Feld , p. 147.
- ↑ Guido Berg: Shanghai Business Center opened . In: Potsdam's latest news . August 12, 2012 ( pnn.de ).
- ↑ Project website of the commissioned planning office 3PO Architects: team building - northern gatehouse - southern gatehouse
- ↑ Guido Berg: New life in the emperor's bakery . In: Potsdam's latest news . February 14, 2006, p. 12 ( pnn.de ).
- ^ Knitter / Lambrecht: Bornstedter Feld , p. 139.
- ^ Knitter / Lambrecht: Bornstedter Feld , p. 143.
- ↑ Knitter / Lambrecht: Bornstedter Feld , pp. 136-137.
- ↑ Guido Berg: Flying Horses. Red barracks. Boumann sculpture is being renovated . In: Potsdam's latest news . February 20, 2008, p. 9 ( pnn.de ). ; Anja Kiss: A Prussian military monument of the 18th century . In: Landesgeschichtliche Vereinigung für die Mark Brandenburg e. V. Bulletin . tape 111 , no. 1 , 2010, p. 3–8 ( potsdam.de [PDF]).
- ↑ Claudia Krause: Palm grove in the hallway . In: Märkische Allgemeine. Potsdam city courier . May 3, 2007.