Red knick-toe tree frog
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Red knick-toed tree frogs ( Scinax ruber ) mating |
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| Scinax ruber | ||||||||||||
| ( Laurenti , 1768) |
The red knick-toed tree frog ( Scinax ruber ) is a frog from the tree frog family . It is native to the Amazon basin in South America and the adjacent areas.
features
The males of the red knick-toe tree frog are usually smaller than the females, they are 31 to 37 millimeters long, the females reach a head-trunk length of 40 to 42 millimeters. A noticeable gender dimorphism is also evident in the coloring . The males are lighter in color and have a greenish-yellow to cream-colored back. Your belly is yellowish to white. The females have a brown to gray back and a cream-colored underside. Rows of dark spots or elongated spots appear along the back and on the tops of the limbs in both sexes. There are noticeable yellow or orange spots on the groin and inner thighs. These spots are missing from the closely related species Scinax boesemani .
distribution
The red knick-toed tree frog has a very large distribution area, the delimitation of which has not been finally clarified, as new species are constantly being removed from the species complex around this knick-toe tree frog and the occurrence of the individual populations has to be redefined.
Its main area of distribution includes the Amazon basin and adjacent areas. It extends over the countries of Colombia , Brazil , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . In the north of South America it occurs as far as the mountainous region of Guiana with the states of French Guiana , Guyana , Suriname and Venezuela . Foothills reach as far as Central America in the province of Darién in eastern Panama and the island world of Trinidad and Tobago . The frog was introduced to the islands of Martinique , Puerto Rico and Saint Lucia .
It is possible that the occurrence in the area of Villavicencio in the Departamento del Meta in Colombia must be assigned to the species Scinax x-signatus .
Way of life
Like the other tree frogs, the knee-toe tree frogs are arboricolous and nocturnal . He prefers moist forests with clearings and open landscapes. Where there are no trees, the red knick-toed tree frog can also be found on low vegetation and even on the ground, for example in the Gran Sabana in Venezuela.
The reproduction can take place throughout the year. When the rainy season prevails in its area of distribution , which is usually between November and May, the reproductive phase of the red knick-toed tree frog reaches its peak. The males call from overhanging branches near the waters, which are often temporary in the rainy season. The clutches, which can contain up to 590 eggs, are attached to the bank vegetation by the females so that the tadpoles fall directly into the water as soon as they hatch. The tadpoles are brightly colored and translucent. They develop in the water column of small stagnant bodies of water.
Danger
The red knick-toed tree frog can also survive in areas that are heavily influenced by humans, such as cleared areas, gardens and parks. The larvae can develop in such landscapes in temporary bodies of water as road ditches and puddles. At times the frog is very common near such waters.
Its wide distribution and the fact that the species inhabits a wide range of habitats makes it unlikely that populations will rapidly decline. In addition, the species occurs in many protected areas and there are no known special threats. The IUCN therefore lists the red knick-toe tree frog as "not endangered" ( Least Concern ).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Albertina P. Lima, William E. Magnusson, Marcelo Menin, Luciana K. Erdtmann, Domingos J. Rodrigues, Claudia Keller & Walter Hödl: Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazonia Central. - Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2005, p. 106
- ↑ a b c d Scinax ruber in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.3. Posted by: Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor, Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, Enrique La Marca, Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Jerry Hardy, Blair Hedges, Beatrice Ibéné, Michel Breuil, Robert Powell, 2008. Retrieved on February 3, 2015.
literature
- Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti : Josephi Nikolai Laurenti Austraci Viennensis Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experimentis circa Venena et Antidotum Reptilium Austriacorum. (1768), 214 pages + 5 plates (first description; text online in the Göttingen digitization center )
- Albertina P. Lima, William E. Magnusson, Marcelo Menin, Luciana K. Erdtmann, Domingos J. Rodrigues, Claudia Keller & Walter Hödl: Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazonia Central. - Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2005, p. 106
Web links
- Darrel R. Frost: Scinax ruber , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference, Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2014, accessed February 3, 2015
- Scinax ruber inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.3. Posted by: Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor, Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, Enrique La Marca, Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Jerry Hardy, Blair Hedges, Beatrice Ibéné, Michel Breuil, Robert Powell, 2008. Retrieved on February 3, 2015.
- Scinax ruber from AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation, Berkeley, California 2015, accessed February 4, 2015