Red-scaled rough head
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Red-scaled rough head ( Cortinarius bolaris ) |
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The poisonous Rotschuppiger Raukopf (also Rotschuppiger Rauhkopf ) or Rotschuppige Dickfuß ( Cortinarius bolaris ) is a type of fungus from the family of the veil relatives (Cortinariaceae) and the subgenus of the Rauhkopf . It is a medium-sized veil with a pale yellow hat and stem studded with reddish scales. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October in deciduous, rarely in coniferous forests.
features
Macroscopic features
The rather fleshy hat is 3–8 cm wide, initially hemispherical, later arched to spread out and often bent. The surface is dry and on a pale yellow to clay gray background (especially towards the middle of the hat) densely covered with conspicuously cinnabar to crimson-red scales. The close-fitting, yellow-gray, later cinnamon to ocher-brown lamellae have grown on the stem. The spore powder is pale brown. The cylindrical and often bent stem is 3–7 cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm wide. The tip of the stem is white, underneath it on a light background like the hat covered with red fibers or flakes of fiber. The whitish, up to 1.5 cm thick meat smells faintly dusty and tastes mild to bitter. Sometimes the smell can be completely absent. When cut, the meat slowly turns chrome yellow, especially in the base of the handle.
Microscopic features
The broadly ellipsoidal spores measure 6–8 × 4.5–6 µm.
Species delimitation
The yellowing rough head ( Cortinarius rubicundulus ) can look very similar and also has similar location requirements. It is initially yellow-ocher and fibrous and turns fox-brown at pressure points. Clearly developed scales are missing. It also has narrow, almond-shaped spores.
Older specimens of the red-scaled rough head can also be confused with other skin and rock heads.
ecology
The fruiting bodies appear from July to October individually or in small groups under beeches and oaks and occasionally under birches. They are rarely found under conifers. The rough head likes poorer, acidic and dry soils.
distribution
The red-scaled rough head has been found in North America (Canada, USA), Central America (Costa Rica), Asia (Japan) and Europe. The fungus is scattered to local in Central Europe.
meaning
The red-scaled rough head is suspected of being poisonous.
swell
- Paul Kirk: Cortinarius bolaris. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved January 4, 2014 .
- Cortinarius bolaris. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed January 4, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 224 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 .
- ↑ a b c Karin Monday: Red-scaled Raukopf Cortinarius bolaris In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved January 4, 2014 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Cortinarius bolaris. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
- ↑ Armin Mesic & Zdenko Tkalcec: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. II. Families Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Cortinariaceae and Hygrophoraceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol. 83, 2002, pp. 453-502 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Worldwide distribution of Cortinarius bolaris. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014 ; Retrieved January 5, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Grid map of Cortinarius bolaris. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
- ↑ Cortinarius bolaris. Pilzoek database, accessed January 5, 2014 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Cortinarius bolaris. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved January 5, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Cortinarius bolaris. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on January 4, 2014 (Italian, photos of the Rotschuppigen Raukopf).
- M. Kuo: Cortinarius bolaris. In: MushroomExpert.Com. Retrieved January 4, 2014 .
- Wolfgang Bachmeier: Red-scaled Rough Head (Cortinarius bolaris). In: www.123pilze.de / pilzseite.de. Retrieved January 4, 2014 .