Red-handled leather blubber

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Red-handled leather blubber
2009-12-03 Russula olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr 67723.jpg

Red-stemmed leather deafblings ( Russula olivacea )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Red-handled leather blubber
Scientific name
Russula olivacea
( Schaeff. ) Fr.

The red-stemmed leather-deaf or alternating-colored leather-deaf ( Russula olivacea ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a very large, mild-tasting blubber with a brownish hat and ocher-yellow lamellas. The purple-violet discoloration of the meat with phenol, which is otherwise only observed in very closely related species, is very typical.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat becomes 4–22 cm wide, it is hemispherical when young, later arched to spread out, sometimes a little depressed with age. The hat skin is slightly sticky in damp weather, when dry, velvety-matt and smooth, it can be peeled off up to 1/3. On the edge of the hat it can be wrinkled concentrically, especially with older mushrooms. The brim of the hat is rolled up in young mushrooms and irregularly wavy to lobed in older ones. The hat color is very variable, with young mushrooms it is usually somehow olive-brown, later mostly wine-reddish tones predominate, but yellow and flesh-pink tones also occur.

The lamellas are bulging and very wide. The lamellae are pale yellow when young and take on an increasingly strong yellow tone with age, which can reach an intense yolk yellow. The edges in the edge area are often tinged with wine-red to pink. The spore powder is intensely colored ocher to yolk yellow.

The sturdy stem is 8–15 cm long and 2–4 cm wide, cylindrical, hard and firm when young, stuffed with cotton wool when old, white and pink to wine-red at least in the upper part. Sometimes the red color is limited to a small zone below the lamellae, sometimes the entire stalk is colored, and at the base it is often yellowish to brownish in color.

The flesh is white, firm when young, only slightly yellowing and, with phenol, turns deep wine-red, like blueberry juice . The smell is inconspicuous, slightly fruity. The taste of the hard but brittle meat is mild or slightly nutty with age and also sticky. The meat turns gray-pink with iron sulfate and dark olive-green with guaiac .

Microscopic features

The rounded to elliptical spores are (8) 9–11 (12) µm long and (7) 8–9.5 (10) µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament consists of up to 1.5 µm high, mostly isolated, prickly warts, some of which can be somewhat elongated.

The four-pore, club-shaped basidia measure 50–63 × 13–15 µm. In addition, there are numerous, spindle-shaped pleurocystides that are appendiculated (provided with a small end cell) or tapered at their tip. They are 72–100 µm long and 8.5–13 (16) µm wide. The cheilocystids, which are also spindle , are mostly rounded at the top. They measure 70–120 × 9–14 µm. All cystides do not or only weakly stain with sulfobenzaldehyde.

The cap skin consists of cylindrical, more or less wavy, one to several septate and branched hyphae ends , which are tapered at their tip or have a spindle-shaped end cell. Sometimes the hyphae have rectangular, barrel-shaped, ampoule-shaped or sometimes extremely inflated terminal cells. The walls of the hyphae are weakly gelatinized, there are no pileocystids and encrusted primordial hyphae .

ecology

Like all deafnesses, the red-stemmed leather deafness is a mycorrhizal fungus . Above all in beech forests, more rarely in coniferous forests, often in small groups, preferably on limestone soils, but also on silicate soils.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the red-stemmed leather blubber.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The species occurs in North America (USA, Mexico), North Africa (Morocco) and Europe.

    meaning

    Although the fungus is considered edible according to the deafness rule, in the past there has been an intolerance reaction in some cases.

    Systematics

    The red-stemmed leather blubber is placed in the Olivaceinae subsection by Bon , the one below the Alutacea section . All representatives of this subsection are relatively large, taste mild, have yellow to suede-brown lamellas, yellow spore powder and variously colored hats. The purple-violet phenol reaction of the fruiting bodies is very typical. The scientific species attribute " olivacea " means olive-colored and is a reference to the often olive-brown colored hat.

    swell

    • Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 78 .
    • Hans E. Laux (ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 184 .
    • H. Romagnesi: Russula olivacea. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). In: mycobank.org The Fungal website. P. 724 , accessed on August 29, 2011 (French).
    • Russula olivacea. Partial Russula Database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed August 29, 2011 .

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Species synonyms of Russula olivacea . In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org . Retrieved August 29, 2011.
    2. ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 214.
    3. ^ Roger Phillips: Russula olivacea. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on August 29, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rogersmushrooms.com
    4. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ]).
    5. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 293 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    6. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula olivacea. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
    8. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula olivacea. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    9. ↑ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis & E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 4. (PDF; 599 kB) Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 104 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, pp. 39–42 , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
    10. ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
    11. ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com
    12. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula olivacea. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 7, 2012 .
    13. ↑ Russula olivacea in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    14. ↑ Mushrooms and Fungi of Poland Index: R. . In: grzyby.pl . Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2011.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grzyby.pl
    15. ↑ Der Tintling : Monograph on Russula olivacea . Their feed value is specified there as 0.
    16. ^ Pierer's Universal Lexicon . 4th edition. tape  12 . Altenburg 1861, Sp. 275 ( online ).

    Web links

    Commons : Rotstieliger Leder-Täubling ( Russula olivacea )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files