Soothead Wren

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Soothead Wren
Soothead Wren

Soothead Wren

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Pheugopedius
Type : Soothead Wren
Scientific name
Pheugopedius spadix
Bangs , 1910

The Rußkopf Wren ( Pheugopedius spadix ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) located in Panama and Colombia is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The soot-head wren reaches a body length of about 14.5 cm. He has black reins with some white markings and black ear covers with inconspicuous white lines. The top of the head is matt black, the back, the shoulders, the upper wing-coverts and the rump are light chestnut-colored. The wings of the hand and the wings of the arm are also light chestnut-colored on the exposed outer and inner flags. The chestnut-brown control feathers have black bands towards the end. The chin and throat are black with some white feathers under the beak triangle. These stand out in color from the chestnut-colored lower area of ​​the throat and chest. The lower part of the chest and belly are more dull, the middle of the abdomen is grayish brown with darker speckles. The eyes are brown, the upper beak blackish gray, the lower beak blue-gray and the legs dull gray. Both sexes are similar. Young animals generally appear more dull than adult birds, and have fewer color differences between the skull and throat, and between the back and chest.

Behavior and nutrition

The soot-head wren feeds exclusively on invertebrates. The stomach contents of a specimen from Panama contained beetles , Schnabelkerfen , Hymenoptera , real crickets , caterpillars and spiders . He mostly looks for his food in the relatively low vegetation and often in pairs. Mostly it does not mix with other species. In Colombia it was observed how he followed the wandering ants Lapidus praedator .

Vocalizations

The soot-head wren's song is often antiphonically used by both sexes. It includes a series of around six loud gurgling whistles, with frequent repetition of the phrases. It lacks the final trill of the black-throated wren ( Pheugopedius atrogularis ).

Reproduction

Little is known about the soothead wren's breeding biology. The breeding season is likely to be long. Nest building was observed from March to December. There were eggs in September and birds in breeding mood in the central Andes of Colombia from April to September. One nest discovered was a ball of coarse material and leaves with a side entrance. It was built in a heliconia about one meter above the ground . In the nest there were two white eggs with fine reddish spots on the thicker end.

distribution and habitat

The soot-head wren prefers damp forests, forest edges and cloud and cloud forests , especially in areas with heavy moss growth. Nevertheless, it can also be found in secondary forests . It moves at altitudes of 800 to 1800 meters, but it can occur in Colombia up to 400 meters.

migration

It is believed that the soot-head wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

The species is considered to be monotypical , but the Handbook of the Birds of the World accepts the following subspecies:

Etymology and history of research

The first description of Rußkopf Wren was made in 1910 by Outram Bangs under the scientific name Pheugopedius spadix . The type specimen was collected by Mervyn George Palmer (1882–1954) in 1908 near Naranjito on the Rio Dagua . As early as 1851, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Pheugopedius, which was new to science . This name is derived from "pheugō φευγω " for "avoid, flee" and "pedion, pedon πεδιον, πεδον " for "open land, ground". The species name »spadix, spadicis« is the Latin word for »chestnut brown«. "Xerampelinus" is a Greek word formation from "xēros ξηρος " for "dry" and "ampelinos, ampelos αμπελινος, αμπελος " for "from wine, wine".

literature

  • Outram Bangs: New or rare birds from western Colombia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 23 , 1910, pp. 71-75 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of the Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine at Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Dr. Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, Stud. Philos. In: I. Theil, die Singvögel . tape 1 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1850–1851).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • Ludlow Griscom: A collection of Birds from Cana, Darien . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College . tape 69 , 1929, pp. 149-190 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Sooty-headed Wren (Pheugopedius spadix) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ^ Ludlow Griscom (1929), p. 182.
  4. ↑ a b Outram Bangs (1910), p. 74.
  5. ^ A b Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 79.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 360.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 411.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cabanis categorized the Corayazaunig ( Pheugopedius coraya ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 80-81.