Rudolf Straubel

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Rudolf Straubel (born June 16, 1864 in Kleinschmalkalden ; † December 2, 1943 in Jena ) was a German physicist who dealt with optics.

Life

Rudolf Straubel was the son of a pastor and, after graduating from high school in Coburg, studied physics at the University of Jena and the University of Berlin in 1884 . He received his doctorate in Jena under Carl Johannes Thomae in 1888 (on the calculation of Fraunhofer diffraction phenomena by means of boundary integrals with special consideration of the theory of diffraction in the heliometer) and was then assistant to Adolf Winkelmann at the Physics Institute in Jena . In 1893 he became a private lecturer and in 1897 an associate professor. He gave lectures on theoretical physics, optics (especially diffraction theory) and geophysics. Until 1919 he also headed the seismic station. From the 1890s onwards, he had ever closer contact with Ernst Abbe at the Carl Zeiss company and was employed there in 1901.

In 1903 he succeeded Ernst Abbe as scientific director at Carl Zeiss in Jena and a member of the management. Since he was very busy there professionally, he gave up his lectures and he hardly published any more. He was instrumental in the expansion of research and the success of Carl Zeiss in the first half of the 20th century. In 1933 he resigned because he did not pressure from his colleagues in the Zeiss-guide (Henrichs, Kotthaus, farmer field) and the National Socialists (in the form of Gauleiter Fritz Wächtler wanted to bow), from his Jewish wife Marie Straubel to separate, with who had four sons. However, he remained in the management of Zeiss-Ikon AG in Dresden, which he had founded and was still active in research, which he carried out from his home from then on. He died of kidney cancer in 1943 (shortly before that he had his last publication in press). His wife Marie committed suicide in April 1944 to avoid deportation and murder by the National Socialists. Her sister Therese had already killed herself before she could be deported to Theresienstadt. She was unable to walk, which was one of the main reasons why Straubel did not leave Germany with his relatives.

Straubel worked both experimentally and theoretically. He was involved in the development of the first planetarium (based on an idea by Walther Bauersfeld from 1914). His memory was systematically suppressed by the National Socialists after 1933 and it was forgotten after the war. A first prototype of the planetarium went into operation in Jena in 1924.

In 1924 he became an honorary member of the German Physical Society . In 1930 he became a member of the Leopoldina .

literature

  • H. Boegehold: Rudolf Straubel on his 70th birthday . In: Die Naturwissenschaften , 22nd year 1934, pp. 421–424.
  • Maximilian Herzberger: The Scientific Work of Constantin Rudolf Straubel . In: Journal of the Optical Society of America , Volume 44, 1954, pp. 589-591.
  • F. Jentzsch: Rudolf Straubel on his 70th birthday . In: Zeitschrift für Technische Physik , year 1934, No. 6.
  • Peter Volz: Tracing paths of history. Rudolf Straubel, Walter Bauersfeld and the projection planetarium . In: Planetarian , Volume 42 2013, No. 4 / Volume 43 2014, No. 1.
  • Reinhard E. Schielicke: Rudolf Straubel 1864–1943 . Vopelius Publishing House, Jena 2017.

Web links

Commons : Rudolf Straubel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Women's names for Jena's streets ( Memento of the original from February 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Catalog for the exhibition of the Towanda Jena eV women's center, Jena 2015, page 6; accessed on March 20, 2017 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.frauenzentrum-jena.de
  2. ↑ Daniel Egber: Under the Dome, the tragic untold story of the world's first planetarium .
  3. ↑ Member entry of Rudolf Straubel at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 26, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Straubel, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH June 16, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH Kleinschmalkalden
DATE OF DEATH December 2, 1943
Place of death Jena