Rudolf Tomaschek

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Rudolf Karl Anton Tomaschek (born December 23, 1895 in Budweis ; † February 8, 1966 in Breitbrunn am Chiemsee ) was a German experimental physicist . His scientific achievements included work on phosphorescence , fluorescence , the tides , and the failed detection of an ether . He was a supporter of German physics , which caused his suspension from his university position after World War II .

life and work

From 1913 to 1918 Tomaschek studied at the German University in Prague . He received his doctorate in the early 20s under Philipp Lenard at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg and then became Lenard's assistant. He completed his habilitation with Lenard in 1924 . In November 1926 Tomaschak went to the Technical University of Munich and in 1927 to the Philipps University of Marburg as an associate professor for experimental physics. From 1934 to 1939 Tomaschek was full professor and director of the Physics Institute at the Technical University of Dresden . From 1939 to 1945 Tomaschek was a full professor and director of the Physics Institute at the Technical University of Munich. In 1940 he was appointed a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences under pressure from the Bavarian Ministry of Culture . In 1941 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

From 1921 Tomaschek carried out a series of measurements - repetitions of the Michelson-Morley experiment and the Trouton-Noble experiment - which were supposed to provide evidence of an ether, but the results were all negative, which makes them (for the critic of the relativity theory Tomaschek unwanted ) became a further confirmation of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity .

Tomaschek became a member of the SA in 1933 and of the NSDAP in 1937 . In November 1933 he was one of the signatories of the professors' commitment at German universities and colleges to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist state .

Peter Sven Brauer is one of Tomaschek's doctoral students .

Tomaschek was a supporter of German physics , an anti-theoretical and anti-Semitic counter-movement to modern physics. In 1945 he was dismissed from his position at the Technical University of Munich by the Allied occupying powers , with Georg Joos becoming his successor in 1946.

From 1948 to 1954 Tomaschek was employed by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) in England, with AIOC becoming British Petroleum in 1954 . In 1954 he became president of the permanent tidal commission in Breitbrunn am Chiemsee .

Books and works by Tomaschek

  • From 1933 to 1945 Tomaschek revised some editions of Ernst Grimsehl's textbook on physics. For use in teaching alongside academic lectures and for self-study (Teubner).
  • The measurements of the change in gravity over time (Springer 1937).
  • Lights and structure of solid materials (Oldenbourg, 1943).
  • Cosmic force fields and astral influences (Ebertin 1959).
  • Problems of geothermal research (Bavarian Academy of Sciences 1956).
  • With Alfred Eckert: On the knowledge of the mesonaphtobian throne , months booklet for chemistry / Chemical Monthly Volume 39, Number 10 (1918).
  • For knowledge of the boric acid phosphors , Annalen der Physik Volume 372, Issue 5, pp. 612-648 (1922).
  • About the behavior of light from extraterrestrial light sources , Annalen der Physik Volume 378, Issue 1, pp. 105-126 (1924).
  • About the phosphorescent properties of the rare earths in alkaline earth phosphors. I , Annalen der Physik , Volume 380, Issue 18, pp. 109-142 (1924).
  • On the Aberration , Journal of Physics Volume 32, Number 1 (1925).
  • About attempts to find electrodynamic effects of the earth's movement at great heights II , Annalen der Physik , Volume 385, Issue 13, pp. 509-514 (1926).
  • About the emission of phosphors I. Behavior of the samarium in sulphides and sulphates , Annalen der Physik Volume 389, Issue 19, pp. 329-383 (1927).
  • With Henriette Tomaschek: About the emission of phosphors II. Conversion of the sub-bands in the samarium sulfide spectrum , Annalen der Physik Volume 389, Issue 24, pp. 1047-1073 (1927).
  • With W. Schaffernicht: On the gravimetric attempts to determine the absolute earth movement , Astronomische Nachrichten , Volume 244, p. 257 (1932).
  • With W. Schaffernicht: Ether-Drift and Gravity , Nature Volume 129, 24-25 (1932).
  • With W. Schaffernicht: Tidal Oscillations of Gravity , Nature Volume 130, 165-166 (1932).
  • With O. Deutschbein: About the emission of phosphors. III Behavior of the Samarium in the Oxides of Group II , Annalen der Physik , Volume 408, Issue 8, pp. 930-948 (1933).
  • With O. Deutschbein: Fluorescence of Pure Salts of the Rare Earths . Nature Volume 131, 473-473 (1933).
  • With O. Deutschbein: About the connection between the emission and absorption spectra of the salts of the rare earths in the solid state I. Foreign substance phosphors , Zeitschrift für Physik Volume 82, No. 5-6, pages 309-327 (1933). The authors are there as belonging to the physical. Institute d. University, Marburg ad Lahn cited (article received on February 17, 1933).
  • Gravity measurements , Die Naturwissenschaften Volume 25, Issue 12, pp. 177-185 (1937).
  • On the application of phosphorescence spectra to the investigation of the structure of solids and solutions , Trans. Faraday Society Volume 35, 148-154 (1939).
  • Non-elastic tilt of the Earth's crust due to meteorological pressure distributions , Pure and Applied Geophysics Volume 25, Number 1, 17-25 (1953).
  • Earth Tilts in the British Isles Connected With Far Distant Earthquakes , Nature Volume 176, 24-25 (1955).
  • Fundamental behavior of sensitive springs , J. Sci. Instrum Volume 33, 78-81 (1955). There the author is cited as belonging to British Petroleum Co., Ltd., Kirklington Hall, No. Newark, Notts. The article was received on May 18, 1955.
  • Tidal Gravity Measurements in the Shetlands: Effect of the Total Eclipse of June 30, 1954 , Nature Volume 175, 937-939 (1955).
  • Measurements of tidal gravity and load deformations on Unst (Shetlands) , Pure and Applied Geophysics Volume 37, Number 1, 55-78 (1957).
  • Great Earthquakes and the Astronomical Positions of Uranus , Nature Volume 184, 177-178 (1959). In the author's line the addition: Breitbrunn-Chiemsee, Bavaria.
  • With E. Groten: The residual movements in the registrations of the horizontal tidal components , Journal Pure and Applied Geophysics Volume 56, Number 1, 1-15 (1963).

literature

  • Alan D. Beyerchen: Scientists Under Hitler: Politics and the Physics Community in the Third Reich (Yale, 1977) ISBN 0-300-01830-4 .
  • Michael Grüttner : Biographical Lexicon on National Socialist Science Policy (= Studies on Science and University History. Volume 6). Synchron, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-935025-68-8 , p. 175.
  • Klaus Hentschel (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator): Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996).
  • Jagdish Mehra and Helmut Rechenberg: The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 5 Erwin Schrödinger and the Rise of Wave Mechanics. Part 2 Schrödinger in Vienna and Zurich 1887-1925 (Springer, 2001) ISBN 0-387-95180-6 .
  • Mark Walker : Nazi Science: Myth, Truth, and the German Atomic Bomb (Perseus, 1995).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Tomaschek.
  2. ↑ a b Mehra and Rechenberg, Volume 5, Part 2, 455 and 456n131.
  3. ↑ List of members Leopoldina, Rudolf Tomaschek (with picture)
  4. ^ Martin Pabst and Margot Fuchs (author), Wolfgang A. Herrmann (ed.): Technical University of Munich: the history of a scientific enterprise . Volume 1. With contributions by Franz von Feilitzsch and Wolfgang A. Herrmann. Metropol, Berlin 2006, p. 280.
  5. ↑ Beyerchen, 1977, 176-179.
  6. ^ Symposium de Leipzig (May 21-26, 1962) , Bulletin Géodésique Volume 67, Number 1, 22-26 (1963).
personal data
SURNAME Tomaschek, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tomaschek, Rudolf Karl Anton (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German experimental physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH December 23, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Ceske Budejovice
DATE OF DEATH February 8, 1966
Place of death Breitbrunn am Chiemsee