Resting cell

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A resting cell ( English quiescent cell is) a cell that are in the G 0 phase of the cell cycle is and therefore will not divided .

properties

Cell division is interrupted by the cell remaining in the resting phase of the cell cycle (G 0 phase). The rest phase can be temporary or permanent and can be triggered, among other things, by inhibiting cell contact or by stress factors. Some cells can temporarily enter the resting phase under stress (e.g. if there is a lack of food). The resting phase is initiated, among other things, by microtubules which, starting from the spindle poles , envelop the cell nucleus .

The permanently dormant cells include z. B. differentiated nerve cells and muscle cells of the striated muscles. Stem cells , hepatocytes and lymphocytes can temporarily enter the G 1 phase from the G 0 phase and thus be reactivated to become a dividing cell, e.g. B. in case of injury or cell loss. T-lymphocytes are stimulated to divide in the course of an immune response by activating the T-cell receptor , provided that there is no lack of food to prevent this.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) extends its replication to resting cells through the viral protein Nef , which stimulates macrophages to secrete the soluble forms of CD23 and ICAM , thereby enabling replication of HIV in resting T lymphocytes .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ PA Padilla, ML Ladage: Suspended animation, diapause and quiescence: arresting the cell cycle in C. elegans. In: Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.). Volume 11, Number 9, May 2012, pp. 1672-1679, ISSN  1551-4005 . doi : 10.4161 / cc.19444 . PMID 22510566 . PMC 3372386 (free full text).
  2. ↑ D. Laporte, I. Sagot: Microtubules move the nucleus to quiescence. In: Nucleus (Austin, Tex.). [Electronic publication before printing] Issue 2, March 2014, ISSN  1949-1042 . PMID 24637834 .
  3. ^ TH Cheung, TA Rando: Molecular regulation of stem cell quiescence. In: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology . Volume 14, Number 6, June 2013, pp. 329-340, ISSN  1471-0080 . doi : 10.1038 / nrm3591 . PMID 23698583 . PMC 3808888 (free full text).
  4. ↑ Renate Huch (Ed.), Klaus D. Jürgens (Ed.): Mensch Body Disease , 6th Edition, 2011, Urban & Fischer Verlag / Elsevier, ISBN 978-3-437-26792-5 , p. 34.
  5. ^ SE Hamilton, SC Jameson: CD8 T cell quiescence revisited. In: Trends in Immunology . Volume 33, Number 5, May 2012, pp. 224-230, ISSN  1471-4981 . doi : 10.1016 / j.it.2012.01.007 . PMID 22361353 . PMC 3348359 (free full text).
  6. ↑ EL Pearce, EJ Pearce: Metabolic pathways in immune cell activation and quiescence. In: Immunity. Volume 38, Number 4, April 2013, pp. 633-643, ISSN  1097-4180 . doi : 10.1016 / j.immuni.2013.04.005 . PMID 23601682 . PMC 3654249 (free full text).
  7. ↑ S. Swingler, B. Brichacek, JM Jacque, C. Ulich, J. Zhou, M. Stevenson: HIV-1 Nef intersects the macrophage CD40L signaling pathway to promote resting-cell infection. In: Nature. Volume 424, Number 6945, July 2003, pp. 213-219, ISSN  1476-4687 . doi : 10.1038 / nature01749 . PMID 12853962 .