Runella

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Runella
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Bacteroidetes
Class : Cytophagia
Order : Cytophagales
Family : Cytophagaceae
Genre : Runella
Scientific name
Runella
Larkin & Williams 1978

Runella is a genus of bacteria . It belongs to the family Cytophagaceae . The type species is Runella slithyformis , first described by John M. Larkin and Patricia M. Williams in 1978.

Appearance

The cells are rod-shaped , straight or curved. In Runella slithyformis , the strength of the curvature is different, even within the same culture . With this type of curvature, the two cell ends occasionally overlap, creating a ring, the diameter of the ring is 2.0-3.0 μm. Filaments up to 14 μm in length can also be observed in this type. Spiral cells can also appear, with two to three turns.

The colonies of the different species contain a pale pink or salmon-colored pigment that is insoluble in water. The species cannot move by themselves (they are not motile ).

Growth and metabolism

The genus Runella is chemo-organotrophic . Runella slithyformis is strictly aerobic and shows a respiratory metabolism ( breathing ) with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Runella zeae can ferment some sugars . These include glucose and sucrose , but the bacterium cannot ferment ribose . With Runella slithyformis there are different results with regard to the fermentation of glucose and ribose. The results of Larkin and Borrall (1984) were positive for the fermentation of glucose, Raj and Maloy (1990), however, found only weak fermentation of glucose, whereas Chelius and Triplett found no fermentation of glucose in 2000. Different results have also been published with regard to the fermentation of ribose by R. slithyformis .

The oxidase test and the catalase test are different for the species. So is z. B. R. slithyformis oxidase positive and the catalase test shows only a weak result for this species. R. defluvii , however, is oxidase negative and the catalase test is positive. With R. zeae both tests are positive.

The optimal growth temperature for the various species of the genus is between 20 and 35 ° C, with the species R. palustris described in 2017 showing no growth above 30 ° C. The species R. slithyformis still shows growth at 4 ° C.

Occurrence

The species Runella zeae was isolated from the shoot axis of maize ( Zea mays ). The first find of R. limosa comes from an activated sludge . Also R. defluvii a sewage treatment plant has been out of the activated sludge isolated. R. palustris was found in fresh water in a wetland in Korea , R. slithyformis in fresh water near Baton, southern Louisiana .

Systematics

The genus Runella belongs to the order of the Cytophagales of the Bacteroidetes division . The following species are known (as of January 2019):

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ John M. Larkin & Patricia M. Williams: Runella slithyformis gen. Nov., Sp. nov., a Curved, Nonflexible, Pink Bacterium. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 1978, Volume 28, No. 1, pp. 32-36 doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-28-1-32
  2. ↑ a b c d Jiri Hausler: Freshwater flora of Central Europe, Vol. 20: Schizomycetes . Springer, 1982, ISBN 978-3-8274-2141-8 , pp. 421 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g War, NR; Ludwig, W .; Whitman, WB; Hedlund, BP; Paster, BJ; Staley, JT; Ward, N .; Brown, D .; Parte, A .: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 412-415 .
  4. ↑ Larkin, JM and R. Borral: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1. Family I. Spirosomaceace. 1984, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 125-132.
  5. ↑ HD Raj and SR Maloy: Proposal of Cyclobacterium marinus gen. Nov., Comb. nov. for a marine bacterium previously assigned to the genus Flectobacillus. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 1990, Volume 40: pp. 337-347.
  6. ↑ MK Chelius and EW triplet: Dyadobacter fermentans gen. Nov., Sp. nov., a novel Gram-negative bacterium isolated from surface-sterilized Zea mays stems. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 2000 Volume 50: 751-758.
  7. ↑ Kim et al .: Runella palustris sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater . In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2017, Volume 67, pp. 676-680. doi : 10.1099 / ijsem.0.001692
  8. ↑ MK Chelius, JA Henn and EW Triplet: Runella zeae sp. nov., a novel Gram-negative bacterium from the stems of surface-sterilized Zea mays. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2002, Volume 52: pp. 2061-2063.
  9. ^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Runella. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved July 27, 2019 .

literature

  • Jiri Hausler: Freshwater Flora of Central Europe, Vol. 20: Schizomycetes . Springer, 1982, ISBN 978-3-8274-2141-8 , pp. 421 .
  • War, NR; Ludwig, W .; Whitman, WB; Hedlund, BP; Paster, BJ; Staley, JT; Ward, N .; Brown, D .; Parte, A .: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 412-415 .