Wrinkled Verpel
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Wrinkled Verpel ( Verpa bohemica ) |
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| Verpa bohemica | ||||||||||||
| ( Krombh. ) J.Schröt. |
The Wrinkled or Bohemian Verpel ( Verpa bohemica ) is a type of mushroom from the family of morel relatives . The wrinkled, wrinkled cap is only attached to the tip of the handle, the handle is filled with cotton wool and later hollowed in a chamber. The hose fungus fructifies in spring, is common in southern German alluvial forests on limestone soils, but otherwise rarely found.
features
Macroscopic features
The Wrinkled Verpel forms up to 15 cm high fruiting bodies ( morchelloid complex pharmacies ), which are divided into hat and stem . The approximately 2–5 cm high and 2–3 cm wide hat sits in the shape of a bell or cylinder on the stem. It is only fused to the stem at the rounded apex and otherwise hangs freely over the stem. The surface of the hat is irregularly wrinkled / brain-like or structured with protruding longitudinal and intermediate cross-ribs, its color ranges from yellow to ocher to dark brown. The ribs are often darker. The underside of the hat, on the other hand, is whitish to ocher in contrast. The stem, which is stuffed with cotton wool, is hollow when it is old and becomes up to 15 cm long. At first it has a whitish, later yellowish to ocher color tones and is covered with flaky, sticky, sometimes ring-shaped scales. The waxy, brittle and somewhat tough meat smells and tastes inconspicuous.
Microscopic features
The tubes , in which only two huge spores mature, are striking . The spores are hyaline , long-cylindrical, sometimes slightly curved, smooth-walled and measure 60–90 × 15–18 µm. The tubes in the fruit layer are also mixed with thread-like paraphyses .
Species delimitation
The foxglove Verpel has a smooth or at best slightly wrinkled cap. In addition, the Wrinkled Verpel is similar to the morels , especially the Kappchen morel . In the latter, however, about half of the cap is fused with the tip of the handle and the cap has a pitted, longitudinally ribbed surface structure. The stem is completely hollow, even in young specimens, and the outside is conspicuously grainy and granulated. Both the foxglove Verpel and the morels can be seen under the microscope with 8-spore tubes.
Ecology and phenology
The Wrinkled Verpel is a ground saprobiont . It grows in warm layers of light deciduous forests, floodplains, shrubbery and under hedges, mainly on limestone soils, but also over basalt and boulder clay of the young moraines.
The fruiting bodies appear in Central Europe from April to May, often in large numbers in floodplains. However, the species does not fructify every year.
distribution
The species occurs from the Mediterranean and Black Sea area to northern Norway, but is absent in Western Europe as well as in northern Germany and Poland.
meaning
The Wrinkled Verpel is edible, although the book author Hans E. Laux does not declare it to be an edible mushroom. It is generally recommended that the mushroom be spared because of its rarity. Regarding the food value, Gisela Lockwald writes in her mushroom cookbook that the fruit bodies should have a pleasant mushroom taste, but lack any morel-like aroma. For this reason and because of nature conservation, she advises against collecting.
Systematics
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Some authors place the species as the only species in the genus Ptychoverpa .
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literature
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 1: Ascomycetes (Ascomycetes). 2nd, corrected edition. Mykologia, Luzern 1984, ISBN 3-85604-011-0 .
- Bruno Hennig, Hans Kreisel, Edmund Michael: non-leaf mushrooms (basidiomycetes without leaves, ascomycetes) . In: Handbook for mushroom lovers . 3. Edition. tape 2 . VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena 1986.
- Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of Mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- ↑ a b c Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-14737-9 (639 pages; one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
- ↑ a b c d Bruno Hennig, Hans Kreisel, Edmund Michael: Non-leaf mushrooms (Basidiomycetes without leaves, Ascomycetes) . In: Handbook for mushroom lovers . 3. Edition. tape 2 . VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena 1986.
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 978-3-440-07229-5 (303 pages; over 1000 photos).
- ↑ Marcel Bon: Parey's book of mushrooms . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-09970-4 (Original title: The mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer, 362 pages; over 1500 mushrooms in Europe).
- ↑ Thomas Læssøe: The new FSVO mushroom atlas. Collect and prepare edible mushrooms. Recognize poison mushrooms safely . Dorling Kindersley, Starnberg 2006, ISBN 3-8310-0839-6 (304 pages; over 2300 illustrations).
- ↑ Gisela Lockwald: Mushroom dishes, even better . IHW-Verlag, Eching 1999, ISBN 3-930167-38-7 (144 pages).
