Gold deaf
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Gold deaf ( Russula aurea ) |
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The gold deafness ( Russula aurea , syn. Russula aurata ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . The scientific species name is derived from the Latin adjective "aureus" and means golden.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the gold blubber is 5–10 cm wide, almost spherical when young, later arched to spread out. In old age, the middle is mostly depressed. The surface is sticky and shiny and has a splendid golden yellow, brick red to blood red color. The colors are often mixed with each other, but the hat can also be colored gold-yellow or purple-red in one color. The edge is smooth when young and can be furrowed with age.
The lamellae are light yellow when young and later buttery to pale ocher yellow. They often have a lemon to chrome yellow edge. However, this feature can sometimes be missing. The lamellae are rounded and grown on the stem and are very brittle. The spore powder is ocher yellow.
The stem is up to 7 cm high, strong, white and often lemon yellow. The flesh is white, yellow under the cap, and tastes mild, sometimes a little bitter.
The flesh turns pink or pale brown-gray with iron sulfate . The guaiac reaction is strongly positive, the meat turns blue / green. With phenol, the meat turns brown or purple to wine red.
Microscopic features
The spores are 7.5–9 µm long and 6–8 µm almost spherical to broadly elliptical with conical, 0.7–1.5 µm high warts. Thin to thick burr-like connections are formed between the warts, which form a partial network with a few meshes.
The hat skin hyphae are pointed. They are cylindrical, spindle-shaped or slightly club-shaped. Neither dermatocystidia nor hyphae stain with fuchsin or sulfovanillin. No pileocystids can be detected in the cap skin.
Species delimitation
The Gold-Täubling is usually recognized by the intense golden yellow hat color, rare very dark red specimens usually still have chrome-yellow spots. The safest characteristic is the lemon to chrome yellow color on the blade edges, on the handle and under the cap skin.
Forms without yellow pigment can only be distinguished from similarly colored species by a precise microscopic examination.
ecology
The gold-horned blubber occurs particularly in light, grass-rich deciduous forests, but can also be found in coniferous forests. Its preferred mycorrhizal partner is the common beech , much less often it enters into a partnership with spruce , oak , hazelnut , linden or other deciduous trees. The fungus appears from July to October, sometimes even earlier, usually singly or in small groups. The fungus prefers fresh, basic to neutral, lime-rich, but low-nitrogen, basalt, loess, brewing earth or limestone soils. The fungus occurs predominantly in the hills and mountains, in the lowlands it is very rare.
distribution
The gold deafling occurs in Europe, North America (USA), North Africa (Morocco) and North Asia (Japan, North and South Korea).
In Germany it is comparatively rare and listed on the Red List in the hazard category RL3. In large parts of Germany, however, it is much rarer or completely absent.
Systematics
As a mild-tasting, relatively large, red-capped species with yellow-colored lamellae and spore powder, the golden- deaf bird is placed in the Coccineae section.
Subspecies and varieties
Russula aurea f. axantha is a form without yellow pigment and is therefore often macroscopically not recognized as a gold deaf .
meaning
The gold deaf mushroom is a good edible mushroom, but due to its rarity it should be better protected.
literature
Individual evidence
- J. Schäffer: Russula aurata. Russula monograph. In: Annales Mycologici Volume 31 / cybertruffle.org.uk. 1933, p. 406 , accessed August 17, 2011 .
- R. Singer: Russula aurata. (PDF) Monograph of the genus Russula. In: Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt (1932). A. Pascher, p. 257 , accessed on August 17, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula aurea. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 17, 2011 .
- ^ Aureus in Wiktionary
- ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 178 .
- ↑ a b Westfälische Mushroom Letters: mushrooms all around www.pilzbriefe.de/pilze_rundum (description of the Gold-Täubling No. 258 on p. 189; PDF file; 6.13 MB)
- ↑ Russula aurata at www.mycobank.org (Engl.)
- ^ A b Roger Phillips: Russula aurea. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on December 18, 2015 ; accessed on August 17, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 68 .
- ↑ a b Russula aurea. Pilzoek database, accessed August 17, 2011 .
- ^ Observado.org - Russula aurea. Retrieved June 10, 2012 (English, Täubling rare.).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 290 ( http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0088/0290.htm cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Russula aurea. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Elias Polemis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. (PDF; 330 kB) Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 115 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, p. 16 ff , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
- ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
- ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Dovel of the week: Gold Dew. In: pilzepilze.de. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 (photos of the Gold-Täubling, which show the Täubling in all its variation).
- Russula aurea. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved February 6, 2014 (Italian, photos of the Gold-Täubling).
- Russula aurea. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed on February 6, 2014 (English, photo, nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
- Karin Montag: The gold deaf (Russula aurea) in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved February 6, 2014 .
