Beech dwarf pigeon
| Beech dwarf pigeon | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula puellula | ||||||||||||
| Ebbesen , FHMøller & Jul. Schäff. |
The beech dwarf deaf ( Russula puellula ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . It resembles the mild wax puff , but its hat is more uniformly pink in color and does not or only slightly yellow. It is a small deaf with a mild taste that occurs under old beech trees. Other names for this Täubling are Mädchentäubling , Mädelchen-Täubling , Roter Mädchen-Täubling and Trübroter Täubling .
features
Macroscopic features
The very fragile hat is mostly between 2–3 cm but sometimes up to 6 cm wide. When young, it is hemispherical in shape and the edge is rounded and slightly curved, later the hat is flattened and mostly irregularly depressed and strongly bent or lobed at the edge. With age the edge is ribbed almost bumpy. Usually the hat is brightly vermilion to blood red, but it can also be more purple or flesh red. In the middle it is often almost black. At the edge, the hat can also fade out more, so that only the ribs are colored deep red there. Larger yellowish or ocher-yellow spots are also less common. The hat skin is almost always bare and remains moist, shiny and somewhat greasy for a long time. It only dries slowly with age and is then almost lackluster. The hat skin can easily be peeled off halfway and further, towards the middle the hat meat underneath is discolored slightly reddish.
The lamellae are almost white when young, then cream-colored. Sometimes they have ocher yellow spots, especially after lying down for a long time and towards the edge. The shape of the slats changes greatly with the shape of the hat. Sometimes the slats are narrow, sometimes rounded, especially the mature slats are quite wide and bulbous, up to 10 mm wide. They are attached to the stem or bulged, sometimes forked and only slightly mixed in. The spore powder cream-colored ( IIb-IIc according to Romagnesi ) (rarely III).
The mostly club or cylindrical stem is 2–6 cm long and 0.7–1 (1.5) cm wide. It is white and remains so for a long time, but with age the stem turns slightly yellow from the base and then turns yellowish ocher and finally brownish ocher. The stem meat is very fragile, especially the pulp is soft and spongy and the stem quickly becomes hollow or hollow.
The flesh, which is initially whitish, is fragile and tends to turn yellow. It turns gray when wet. It has a mild, sometimes slightly pungent taste in the lamellae. The smell is inconspicuous and often hardly noticeable. When rubbing the lamellas, it is somewhat reminiscent of the smell of the common white-blubber . The iron sulphate reaction is pink to grayish, the guaiac reaction is strongly positive.
Microscopic features
The elliptical spores are (6.5) 7–8.5 (9) µm long and 5–6.5 (–7) µm wide. They are finely warzig (dotted) or short spiky and burr and sometimes networked. The pleurocystids on the lamellar surface are very numerous. They are 50–75 µm long and 8–12 µm wide. They are spindle-shaped to club-shaped, blunt or slightly appended at the tip and not very prominent. In sulfovanillin , they can often be stained blue along their entire length. The Apiculus is 1-1.4 microns long and 0.7 to 1.25 microns wide, the Hilarfleck measures 2.5-3 × 2-2.25 micron, it is more or less rounded and amyloid . The basidia are 25–40 (–48) µm long and 9–10 (–12.5) µm wide.
The pileocystids in the cap skin are very slender, slightly clubbed and also numerous and can be clearly colored. They are 30–70 µm long and 3–5 (–6) µm wide and 2-3 times septate. The cylindrical, almost convoluted or narrowed hyphae end cells of the cap skin are 1–4 µm wide and partially end in longer eyelashes.
Species delimitation
Smaller specimens of the Buchen-Spei-Täubling ( R. nobilis ) look similar on cursory inspection, but due to the smell and the very pungent taste one can easily distinguish it.
The brick-red Täubling ( R. velenovskyi ) has butter-yellow to pale ocher-colored lamellae and pale-colored spore powder (IIIab). The skin of the beech dwarf Täubling remains moist and shiny for longer and the whole appearance is more delicate and smaller. Nor does his flesh tend to yellow.
The representatives of the Lilacea group are also very similar , in particular the very rare vermilion-red frost-bled ( R. emeticicolor ), which has pure white lamellas and a frosted center of the hat. His hat skin is completely removable and the handle is often reddened. Its spore powder is also lighter, the taste is mild and the spores are clearly isolated, black or prickly. The cystids can hardly be stained.
The ruby-red blubber ( R. zvarae ) is also very similar, with a velvety, flaky cap skin without pileocystids and the stalk of which is often floury and purple-red. Its spore powder is pure white.
ecology
The beech dwarf pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus that probably only enters into a symbiosis with beech . The Täubling clearly prefers old trees.
The species occurs in various indoor beech forests, i.e. beech forests that are in their climax stage. Here, the kind of law is independent of the pH value of the soil, for the Täubling comes in both acid Luzulo - in Woodruff and - Orchid beech woods before, but found beech forests maple in bedstraw fir forests and.
The species likes fresh, more or less well supplied with nutrients, mostly loamy soils, which can also be compacted. The fruiting bodies appear from the end of June to the beginning of October, preferably in lighter places.
distribution
The Täubling is a purely European species that occurs in western and central Europe and in southern Scandinavia.
In Germany the species is quite rare and is found scattered from northeast Rügen to the Bavarian Alpine foothills. On the German Red List , the species is listed in the hazard category RL3. The species is particularly threatened by the clear-cutting of older beech-indoor forests.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The beech dwarf pigeon is placed in the sub-section Rhodellinae by M. Bon . It is a subsection of the Tenellae section . The representatives of the subsection are mostly smaller blanks with more or less red or orange colored hats. The meat and the handle are only slightly yellow. The mild-tasting deafblings have no or only a very weak odor. The spore powder is cream to ocher yellow.
meaning
The beech dwarf pigeon is edible, but of little value and hardly worth collecting.
literature
- Russula puellula. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed December 20, 2010 .
- Russula puellula. (PDF DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 125 , accessed July 7, 2011 (Spanish).
- H. Romagnesi: Russula puellula. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed December 20, 2010 (French).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 62 .
- ↑ a b Russula puellula. (PDF; 1.4 MB) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 61 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved July 7, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 520.
- ^ A b Julius Schaeffer: Contribution to Russula research . In: CYBERLIBER An Electronic Library for Mycology (Ed.): Annales Mycologici . tape 35 , no. 2 , May 20, 1937, p. 106-112 ( online [accessed July 7, 2011]).
- ↑ Russula puellula in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ Rapportsystemet for växter: Russula adusta. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved June 9, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula puellula. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula puellula. In: www.species.be. 2018, accessed on February 7, 2018 (Täubling rare: Vulnerable).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula puellula. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula puellula. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula puellula. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 28, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Spore Drawing 1 and Spore Drawing_2 by Russula puellula after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
- Synonyms of Russula puellula. Index Fungorum, accessed December 20, 2010 .
- Russula puellula. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved December 20, 2010 (English, photo and nomenclature).
