Vermilion ripe deafness
| Vermilion ripe deafness | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula emeticicolor | ||||||||||||
| J.Schaeff. |
The vermilion rime-deaf ( Russula emeticicolor ), which is also called the small cinnabar , is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a small, delicate and very rare blubber with a bright red hat and whitish to off-white spore powder. The Täubling tastes mild and occurs under European beech or other deciduous trees.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 1–5.5 cm wide, arched when young, later spread out and more or less dented in the middle. The color is almost uniform red, it can be bright vermilion, copper-red, blood-red, or geranium-red. Sometimes the center is also almost yellowish-ocher, faded or carmine-red fibrils or brownish-yellow. In some shapes, however, the center is also colored darker. The hat skin is dull when dry. The hat usually appears as if covered with dense, whitish flakes through broad, strongly encrusted hyphae of the hat skin, and thus appears frosted with white. With moisture, the hat skin becomes a bit sticky and has a silky sheen. Half of it can be pulled off. The edge is clearly grooved or furrowed.
The lamellae are whitish and more creamy in color with age. They are fragile and quite distant. They are quite wide, bulbous and strongly rounded at the front and back. The spore powder is white to light creamy white. ( Ib- (IIa) after Romagnesi ).
The stem is short 2–4 (6) cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm thick. It is pure white, rarely tinged with pink, and turns gray or tan when touched. It soon becomes soft and hollow. The white and slightly ocher-colored meat tastes mild, but has the slightly astringent taste of the group. It is almost odorless. With guaiac the meat does not react or reacts only weakly and slowly and turns light green in the process; with sulfovanillin it turns dull purple, but not currant red. The iron sulfate reaction is bright red.
Microscopic features
The spores are almost spherical to elliptical and measure 6.5–8 × 6–7 µm. They carry thorny, isolated and up to 0.7 µm high warts, which are sometimes almost dense and rarely connected in pairs or almost in a network.
The 30–50 µm long and 8–11 µm wide basidia are club-shaped and each have four sterigms . The cheilocystids are spindle-shaped, 35–55 µm long and 8–10 µm wide, at the tip they are partially appendiculated, that is, they have a small appendage. The pleurocystids on the lamellar surfaces look similar. They are 30–55 µm long and 8–9 µm wide. All cystides on the lamellar surface as well as on the vagina are quite sparse, with sulfobenzaldehyde they turn gray-black.
The cap skin ( epicutis ) consists of cylindrical, septate and partially branched hair-like hyphae cell ends (hairs) that are 2.5-3.5 µm wide. In between there are cylindrical, one to five times septate and encrusted primordial hyphae that are 3–5 µm wide and rounded at the tip. Sometimes they can also be a little tapered towards the tip. Puzzle-like cells occur in the subcutis .
Species delimitation
There are a number of red-capped and mild-tasting deafblings that grow in deciduous forests under beeches or oaks. These include the ocher-leaved cinnabar-Täubling , the fuzzy pink-Täubling and the small pink-Täubling . The Little Pink-Täubling in particular looks very similar to the vermilion Rime-Täubling. Both by its macroscopic appearance and by its microscopic features. However, it can be distinguished by the different sulfobenzaldehyde reactions. In the case of the small pink deaf, the stalk turns red currant, in the flocked pink deaf, pink and in the vermilion, ripe deaf, dull purple.
ecology
The vermilion ripe deafness, like all deafnesses, is a mycorrhizal fungus that preferably enters into a symbiosis with beech . It seldom enters into a symbiotic relationship with other deciduous trees such as oaks .
The Täubling is a typical species for European beech forests, which are in the climax stage . Occasionally you can find it in hornbeam-oak forests under red beech trees or in park plantings. The Täubling occurs on dry to moderately fresh and base-rich soils. These are often loamy or clayey or heavily compacted on the surface. It also occurs on almost bare, low -humus brown loam , rendzinen , terra fusca and lime brown earth over limestone and marl.
The fruiting bodies appear from August to mid-September and rarely sooner or later. The species prefers the hill country.
distribution
The deafbling is a rare, purely European species.
It is also rare in Germany and is found very sporadically in Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, South Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. In the German Red List , the Täubling is listed in the hazard category RL1. There is no reliable evidence from Austria.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The vermilion rime-blotch is classified by Bon in the subsection Lilacinae , which is below the section Lilaceae . The subsection contains small, fragile species and hats of different colors, mostly between reddish and purple colored. The taste is completely mild and the spore powder is white.
Subspecies and varieties
- Russula emeticicolor forma purpureoatra ( Romagn. ) Bon is a shape with a purple cap and a blackish-purple central disc. In addition, unlike the type, it has a positive guaiac reaction.
meaning
The vermilion blubber is edible, but because of its rarity as an edible mushroom, it does not play a role.
literature
- Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 60 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
- Russula emeticicolor. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 7, 2014 .
- Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 542 (French, MycoBank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) [accessed February 7, 2014]).
- Russula emeticicolor. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
- Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59056-7 , pp. 73 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- ↑ a b c d under The Russulales Website ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 168.
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula emeticicolor. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 12, 2012 .
- ^ Observado.org - Russula emeticicolor. Retrieved September 12, 2012 .
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula emeticicolor. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula emeticicolor. In: data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula emeticicolor in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Result of query tasks. In: s4ads.com. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
- ^ W. Demon, A. Hausknecht, I. Krisai-Greilhuber: Database of Austria's mushrooms. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, 2009, accessed September 2, 2011 .
