Ruby red blubber
| Ruby red blubber | ||||||||||||
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| Russula zvarae | ||||||||||||
| Velen. |
The ruby-red blubber ( Russula zvarae ) is a mushroom from the family of the blubber relatives . The very rare Täubling is quite similar to the hard cinnabar , but is usually smaller and not as hard-fleshed. His Latin species epithet is in honor of the Czech mycologist Jaroslav Zvára .
features
Macroscopic features
The fragile, thin-fleshed hat is 4–7 cm wide and soon spread out and then conspicuously depressed. The hat is slightly fleshy and pink to pale vermilion in color. In the middle and on the edge it is paler, often buttery yellow. The epidermis is velvety and grainy or cracked with age. The hat skin is thin and not very firm and can therefore only be peeled off at the edge. The rounded, blunt edge is often greenish and grooved with age.
The crowded, frail lamellae are whitish, cream-colored to pale yellow-ocher and are almost free. The spore powder is pure white ( Ia-Ib after Romagnes ).
The white stem is 3–5 (6) cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm wide. The inside of the stem is spongy and often hollow with age. It is often club-shaped and sometimes also dotted with purple or spotted. At the base it is often reddish (pastel pink to salmon colored). In its youth, the stem is often floured, then smooth and, after a short time, wrinkled furrowed.
The flesh is white. It is more or less odorless, possibly slightly fruity and tastes mild. The guaiac reaction is negative, iron sulfate turns the meat a dirty pink.
Microscopic features
The almost rounded spores are (6.5) 7–8.5 (9) long and 5.5–6.5 µm wide and ornamented with fine warty or burrs. The cystidia are up to 60 (80) long and 8–13 µm wide and react only weakly with sulfobenzaldehyde. They are appendiculated or contracted at the tip. In the epicutis (upper skin layer) the hyphal end cells are 3–4 (6) µm wide, that is, relatively short and thick. They are sometimes constricted or slightly head-shaped or contracted in the shape of a teat. The primordial hyphae are slender, hardly wider than the hyphae end cells and have fine, almost 1 µm thick incrustations . The subcutis, that is the lower layer of the cuticle, contains filamentous hyphae.
Species delimitation
The relationship to the red ripe deafblings ( Russula lilacea ), which also has similar location requirements, is unmistakable.
The hard cinnabar deaf ( Russula rosea ) is similar, but its spore powder is more cream-colored and the harder flesh is reddish under the cap skin. With sulfovanillin, it turns a distinct pink color.
Ecology and diffusion
The deafblings are like all deafblings a mycorrhizal fungus that probably only enters into a partnership with oaks .
The warmth-loving deafbling occurs in mixed hornbeam and oak forests, oak groves and parks. He likes fresh, moderately to well supplied with bases and nutrients, often heavy, clayey loam soils. Occasionally it also occurs on periodically changing wet , gleyed or pseudo- gleyed soils over limestone, limestone marl and limestone gravel.
The fruiting bodies appear from July to September. The Täubling occurs in the hill country and lower mountain country, where you can sometimes find it under young oaks in the grass.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The ruby pigeon is classified in the subsection Lilaceinae , which is within the section Lilaceae . The subsection contains small, fragile species, with different colored hats. They taste mild and have white spore powder.
Subspecies and varieties
The following varieties have been described:
| variety | author | description |
|---|---|---|
| Russula zvarae var. Pusilla | Sarnari (1993) | The variety is smaller than the type and has less firm meat. The stem is narrowed towards the base and never clubbed. The Täubling grows under holm oaks or rock roses, in its location (Italy, Tuscany) it is common and common. It differs from var. Salmonicolor in its location and the always pink to reddish stalk. |
| Russula zvarae var. Salmonicolor | Romagn. (1967) | Like the guy, but a bit smaller and stretched higher. The flesh is more brittle, the hat 4.4–5.5 cm wide and colored pink, salmon-colored or coral-red, sometimes as red as the cherry-red Spei-Täubling . The stem is pure white. The variety was also described by Reumaux in 1996 as an independent species, Russula salmonicolor . |
literature
- Russula zvarae. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed June 6, 2011 .
- Henri Romagnesi: Russula zvarae . In: MycoBank, the Fungal Website (ed.): Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. Essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements . Bordas, Paris 1967 (French, mycobank.org [accessed June 6, 2011]).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 483.
- ↑ a b c Russula zvarae. (PDF; 1.4 MB) Monographic Key to European Russulas. In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. 1988, p. 86 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved June 6, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ^ W. Demon, A. Hausknecht, I. Krisai-Greilhuber: Database of Austria's mushrooms. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, 2009, accessed September 2, 2011 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula zvarae. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ]).
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula zvarae. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Russula zvarae in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula zvarae. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Original Latin diagnosis Russula zvarae var. Pusilla. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on November 22, 2004 ; Retrieved August 26, 2011 .
- ↑ Original Latin diagnosis Russula zvarae var. Salmonicolor. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013 ; Retrieved August 26, 2011 .
Web links
- Sporenzeichnung_1 and Sporenzeichnung_2 of Russula zvarae by H. Romagnesi, (1967), site of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
- Synonyms of Russula zvarae. Index Fungorum, accessed June 6, 2011 .
- Russula zvarae. In: Russulales News. Bart Buyck, accessed June 6, 2011 (nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula zvarae. In: Pilzseite.de. Retrieved June 6, 2011 (some photos of the Ruby Red Täubling).
- Russula zvarae. In: fungiworld.eu. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013 ; Retrieved on June 6, 2011 (photos of the Ruby Red Täubling).
