Prehistoric village of S'Hospitalet Vell
| Prehistoric village of S'Hospitalet Vell | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Additions to the square talaiot |
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Location in Mallorca |
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| Coordinates | 39 ° 28 '57 " N , 3 ° 15' 42" E | ||
| place | Manacor , Balearic Islands , Spain | ||
| Emergence | 1700/1600 to 123 BC Chr. | ||
| height | 85 m | ||
The prehistoric village of S'Hospitalet Vell ( Mallorcan Poblat prehistòric de s'Hospitalet Vell ) is an archaeological excavation site on the Spanish Balearic island of Mallorca . It is located on the east coast of the island in the municipality of Manacor in the region ( Comarca ) Llevant . The uncovered building remains are attributed to two different cultural periods of Mallorca's history, the Vortalaiotic (1700/1600 to 1200/1100 BC) and the Talaiot culture (around 1100 to 123 BC). Punic influences were suspected in one of the buildings . Findings from the excavation site are exhibited in the Manacor Historical Museum .
location
The s'Hospitalet Vell estate , on which the archaeological site is located, is located in the south of the municipality of Manacor on both sides of the road from Son Macià to Cales de Mallorca . To the northwest, the area borders on the MA-4014 road, which connects Porto Cristo with Portocolom . The prehistoric sites of s'Hospitalet Vell are located in the western area of the estate, about 90 to 225 meters southwest of the road to Cales de Mallorca, which branches off the MA-4014 at kilometer six.
S'Hospitalet Vell is privately owned, the estate, including the prehistoric settlement remains, is separated from the road by a continuous fence. A sign on the road, about 1.2 kilometers from the MA-4014 junction, points to an unlocked gate through which you can get to the excavation site. It is free to visit for everyone, there are no entrance fees. The gate should be closed again after passing due to sheep grazing on the property.
description
The archaeological site of s'Hospitalet Vell is divided into four areas, to which there are paths and information boards are set up. About 90 meters away from the road, in the open space of the field there, there are two sites of naviform (boat-shaped) structures that are about 40 meters apart and can only be recognized by their ground contours. These are remnants of naviformes , building forms that resembled ships lying upside down in their appearance. They are the oldest evidence of settlement in the prehistoric village from before 1100 BC. BC, the pre- or pretalaiotic.
The naviform buildings with roofs made of tree trunks and branches were 11 to 16 meters long and 7 to 9 meters wide. Uncovered central fireplaces within the remains of the building, which were used for food preparation, revealed that the buildings were used as living quarters. Inside the floor structures, ceramics, barrels for storing food, and molds for making tools from bronze were found. In 2010, the excavations at the southeast of the two sites were still ongoing. The excavations in s'Hospitalet Vell under Guillem Rosselló Bordoy, which began in the late 1970s, were stopped at the end of 1980 due to a lack of financial support before they were resumed at the beginning of the 21st century.
From around 1100 BC In the following epoch of the Talaiot culture, the square Talaiot (in Castilian Talayot, "watchtower") behind a forest comes from s'Hospitalet Vell . The tower, about 225 meters from the road, differs in several ways from other talaiots on the island. At first, its walls are almost vertical, while those of other talaiotic towers in Mallorca have a distinct inward inclination in relation to their height. The talaiot from s'Hospitalet Vell is the only one on whose central column remains of the former cover are still preserved, probably because the roof here was not made of the usual wooden beams with leaves and earth, but of elongated stone slabs. This also led to the assumption that this talaiot could have had several floors.
The talaiot from s'Hospitalet Vell has a footprint of 7 × 8 meters and a height of around 3.70 meters. Nothing is known about its time of origin, but the period around 1000 to 900 BC is generally assumed. BC as the flourishing of the Talaiot culture and the associated construction of the towers on Mallorca. A viewing platform has recently been added to the talaiot of s'Hospitalet Vell , from which one can look into the interior of the tower, which does not have a level entrance, which is why access was probably via the first floor. The remains of the rooms attached to the talaiot can also be overlooked from the platform. This was originally a large hall with monolithic columns, which was later divided into the rooms that are still recognizable today. You are on the southeast side of the Talaiot.
About 180 meters from the street are the remains of a building that stands out due to its unusually accurate construction and the size of the stones used. It is located next to the grove that extends between the naviform soil structures and the square talaiot. The stone blocks of the outer wall, still preserved in three layers, form a rectangle 22.30 meters long and 12.20 meters wide.
The construction of this building does not correspond to the technique used by the builders of the Talaiots. Similarities are more likely to be found in ancient Greek walls from the 7th to 5th centuries BC. So it came to be assumed that the masonry could come from Punic times, from the fifth century BC. BC, the time when the Carthaginians established trading posts in the western Mediterranean and mainland Spain. Numerous finds from the time of the Punic Wars indicated that it could have been a trading and military station built by the Carthaginians.
The space enclosed by the outer wall seems to have been empty at first. Later, recycled material, including remains of columns, was used to set up two roofed rooms and a patio with two fireplaces. The ceiling of the rooms rested on a central column that is still preserved. Before leaving the settlement in the 2nd century BC The rooms were used for household purposes and the remains of various ceramics from Talaiotic, Punic and Roman production were found. In the rooms attached to the square talaiot, ceramics from the Moorish period (902 to 1229 AD) were also found, an indication of an Andalusian settlement in the prehistoric walls.
literature
- Guillem Rosselló Bordoy: El poblado prehistórico de Hospitalet Vell (Manacor) . Institut d'Estudis Baleárics, 1983, ISBN 84-00-05500-4 .
- Javier Aramburu and others: Guía Arquelógica de Mallorca. Desde la Prehistoria a la alta edad media . Olañeta, Palma de Mallorca 1994, ISBN 84-7651-227-9 , ( La foradada 13).
Individual evidence
- ^ Epoch of the Naviforme (1700 - 1200/1100 BC). Notice board at the excavation site.
- ↑ a b Hospitalet Vell. Uno de los poblados más especiales de Mallorca. Retrieved December 1, 2010 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b The square talayot. Notice board at the excavation site.
- ↑ a b Rooms attached to the talayot. Notice board at the excavation site.
- ↑ a b The rectangular enclosed space. Notice board at the excavation site.
