Sucrose acetate isobutyrate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
other names	[(2 S , 3 S , 4 R , 5 R ) -2- (acetyloxymethyl) -2 - [(2 R , 3 R , 4 S , 5 R , 6 R ) -6- (acetyloxymethyl) -3.4 , 5-tris (2-methylpropanoyloxy) oxan-2-yl] oxy-4- (2-methylpropanoyloxy) -5- (2-methylpropanoyloxymethyl) oxolan-3-yl] -2-methylpropanoate ( IUPAC ) Sucrose acetate hexaisobutyrate E  444 SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBUTYRATE ( INCI ) SAIB
Molecular formula	C 40 H 62 O 19
Brief description	viscous, colorless to slightly yellowish liquid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 126-13-6 EC number 204-771-6 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.338 PubChem 31339 Wikidata Q410537
properties
Molar mass	846.91 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	1.146 g cm −3 (25 ° C)
Melting point	−7 ° C
boiling point	288 ° C
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances no GHS pictograms H and P phrases H: no H-phrases P: no P-phrases
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Sucrose is an emulsifier and food additive with the E number 444. S accharose a acetate i so b utyrat (SAIB) is used in the food industry since the 1950s.

properties

Sucrose acetate isobutyrate is a so-called weighting agent ; a substance that affects density. It “weighs down” aromas so that they do not float as oily drops on the lemonade or cause milky cloudiness, but rather are evenly distributed in the liquid. At the same time, it stabilizes the aroma, color and cloudiness , if this is desired. In contrast to the USA , where brominated vegetable oils (BVO) are used, SAIB is the most common weighting agent in Europe .

use

In Germany, according to Annex 4 Part B to Section 5 (1) and Section 7 of the Ordinance on the Approval of Additives to Food for Technological Purposes (Additive Approval Ordinance, ZZulV), there is an approval for the use of SAIB only for non-alcoholic, flavored foods cloudy beverages and flavored cloudy spirits with an alcohol content of less than 15%; the maximum allowed amount is 300 mg / l. The same maximum limit applies in Switzerland to table drinks, lemonades, table water and table drinks with dairy products in accordance with Appendix 7 of the Ordinance of the Federal Department of Home Affairs (FDHA) on the additives permitted in food (Additives Ordinance, ZuV).

Biological importance

toxicology

For feeds containing up to 10% SAIB, only very low acute and chronic toxicity was observed in rats and monkeys. This also applies to dogs, but changes in liver functions were found here . These concerned the elimination of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) and indocyanine green (ICG) from the blood serum , which indicates an influence on the excretion of bile . Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels were also found. Furthermore, continued feeding led to changes in the fine structure of the dog's liver, as shown by electron microscopic examinations. The limit value at which no effect could be observed in dogs is 5 mg / kg and day. This was 4 mg / kg and day in the case of rats, 10 mg / kg and day in monkeys and 20 mg / kg and day in humans. This shows that the effects in the dog are pharmacological in nature, and the differences are based on an individual physiology and are not of quantitative origin.

Teratogenicity

Teratological studies on rats and rabbits showed no teratogenicity over three generations at daily doses of 2 g / kg (rats) and 1.2 g / kg (rabbits) .

Analytics

After previous solid phase extraction, SAIB can be determined with the help of gas chromatographic - mass spectrometric methods. The detection limit is 0.01%.

See also

• List of food additives approved in the EU

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Entry on E 444: Sucrose acetate isobutyrate in the European database on food additives, accessed on June 27, 2020.
2. ↑ Entry on SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBUTYRATE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on August 6, 2020.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} data sheet sucrose acetate isobutyrate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on June 15, 2011 ( PDF ).
4. ^ ^{A b} Reynolds, RC and Chappel CI: Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB): historical aspects of its use in beverages and a review of toxicity studies prior to 1988. Food Chem Toxicol . 1998 Feb; 36 (2): 81-93, PMID 9519846 .
5. ↑ Udo Pollmer: A gloomy thing
6. ↑ Additive Admissions Ordinance Annex 4 (to § 5 Paragraph 1 and § 7) Limited additives
7. ↑ Ordinance of the EDI on the additives permitted in food (Additives Ordinance, ZuV) (PDF; 488 kB)
8. ↑ Chiang, M. et al. : Effect of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) ingestion on the hepatobiliary function of normal human male and female volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Feb; 36 (2): 141-144, PMID 9519853 .
9. ↑ Mackenzie, KM et al. : Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB): three-generation reproduction study in the rat and teratology studies in the rat and rabbit. Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Feb; 36 (2): 135-140, PMID 9519852 .
10. ↑ Uematsu, Y. et al. : Determination of sucrose esters of fatty acids in food additive premixes by gas chromatography and confirmation of identity by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. In: Journal of AOAC International . 2001; 84 (2): 498-506, PMID 11324617 .