St-Pierre (Lille)

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Depiction of Saint Pierre from the 18th century

The collegiate church of Saint-Pierre in the district of Vieux-Lille in the north of the northern French metropolis of Lille was the religious center of the city for 750 years. After being badly damaged by the Austrians during the siege of Lille (1792) , it was demolished in 1794. The only relic of the church are the remains of its crypt , which was declared a monument historique in 1971 .

history

Location of the Saint-Pierre collegiate church (R, in the center of the 1745 map)

The first mention of the collegiate church comes from a deed of donation from 1066, with which Count Baldwin V of Flanders gave her a quarter of the old Carolingian castle, a farm in Flers and two thirds of the church of Annappes (both now districts of Villeneuve-d ' Ascq ). After his death in 1067, Count Balduin was buried in the church choir . Another donation by Radbod II, Bishop of Tournai and Noyon , in 1088 began a series of acquisitions that made Saint-Pierre one of the largest landowners in the region.

In the first half of the 13th century, the collegiate chapter acquired the miraculous image of Our Lady of Treille ( Notre-Dame de la Treille ), which was created in the last quarter of the 12th century, consisting of a marble head for Mary and a polyhcromite- white stone for the body of Mary and the child. Their feast on the Sunday after Trinity was celebrated with a pilgrimage , procession and fair . When Lille was sacked by the troops of Philip IV of France after the battle of Mons-en-Pévèle in 1304 , Saint-Pierre was burned down and the statue was destroyed down to the marble head. Later, like the parish of Saint-Étienne, Saint Pierre was downsized to create the parishes of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine (1233), Saint-André (before 1245) and Sainte-Catherine (before 1283). During this time the Abbey School was established, which for a long time maintained the educational monopoly in Lille.

1405 was Countess Margarethe III. of Flanders buried in the church. Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy , also Count of Flanders as a grandson and heir to Margaret, had the church rebuilt and the destroyed statue restored, at least up to his knees. He also founded a children's choir in 1425 , with which the monastery developed into a center of high quality polyphonic music. In 1462 the newly founded Hospice Gantois was attached to the monastery, which was declared a Monument historique in 1923 and 1967, was in operation until 1995 and is now a hotel as the Hermitage Gantois .

In the second half of the 15th century Saint-Pierre was connected to the veneration of the Mater Dolorosa , which has been documented in Lille since the 13th century, but has now been promoted by Duke Philipp. He had a wooden statue of Notre-Dame-des-Sept-Douleurs made, which was placed around 1450 by the statue of Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille . The veneration of Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs became so great that Pope Clement IX. (1667–1669) allowed the church of Lille to hold a special mass in her honor; the worship was only interrupted with the destruction of the church in 1792 and then resumed in 1844 in the church of Sainte-Catherine.

Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille, on the other hand, was named the city's patron saint in 1634 , which is why, after the conquest of Lille by Louis XIV in 1667, he had the missing legs of the statue renewed to consolidate his power in the city. During the destruction and demolition of Saint-Pierre, a priest hid the statue. In 1801 she came to the Church of Sainte-Catherine, where she initially went unnoticed. With the Renouveau catholique , the worship of Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille was resumed; In her honor, the cathedral of Lille , the Basilique-cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille , was built from 1854 .

The church, badly damaged during the siege by the Austrians in the First Coalition War in 1792 , was sold as a national property in 1794 and then demolished. Today's Rue Alphonse-Colas and a Palais de Justice were built at its location, and the remains of the crypt were rediscovered during the construction of this in 1833.

architecture

In the 13th century, the Romanesque building was replaced by a larger Gothic one, which was based on the Soissons Cathedral . In 1635, the canons had a seven-station path of suffering built for the Mater Dolorosa , with which they honored their veneration.

Of the complex, only the crypt has been preserved as a monument historique since 1971 (Rue des Prisons), two arches from the last construction phase of the monastery in a private garden, as well as a cellar, which is located under the cellar of a private house (both on the Place du Concert)

Works of art

Most of the preserved art objects from the church are now in museums or other churches in the city. Part of it was moved to the former Couvent des Recollets (Rue des Arts) as early as 1792 . These are:

  • Jésus Christ remettant les clefs à Saint-Pierre by Charles de La Fosse , today in the Palais des beaux-arts de Lille ; the painting was part of the high altar
  • Sainte Cécile , altarpiece by Arnould de Vuez, also in the Palais des beaux-arts
  • Peter and Paul bust by Quellinus, now in the Saint-André church in Lille
  • Sculpture Sainte Anne et sa fille, la Vierge Marie , now in the Saint-Vincent church in Marcq-en-Barœul

gallery

  • Church floor plan

  • The crypt

literature

  • Louis Trénard (ed.), Histoire d'une métropole
  • E. Hautcœur, Cartulaire de l'église collégiale et du chapitre de Saint-Pierre de Lille, 1894
  • E. Hautcœur, Histoire de l'église collégiale et du chapitre de Saint-Pierre de Lille, 1896
  • Bruno Brouckaert, Une fondation princière: La maîtrise de la Collégiale Saint-Pierre de Lille (15e siècle) , éditions de l'Université catholique de Lille, 1944.

Web links

Commons : St-Pierre (Lille)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Base Mérimée PA 00107574
  2. ↑ The remains of Baldwin were rediscovered here during excavations at the beginning of the 21st century
  3. ↑ The name is derived from a Treola winery near the present-day city of Lille mentioned in Carolingian documents, but its location is uncertain ( Adriaan Verhulst, The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe p. 104).
  4. ^ Armand Gaston Camus, Voyage fait dans les départements nouvellement réunis et dans les départements du Bas-Rhin, du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Somme, à la fin de l'an X, 1803 (BnF 36280083q)

Coordinates: 50 ° 38 '31 "  N , 3 ° 3' 44"  E