Lille Cathedral
The Lille Cathedral ( Basilique-cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille de Lille ) is the episcopal church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lille in Lille , Hauts-de-France region . It was started in 1854 in the neo-Gothic style as a monumental shrine for the miraculous image of Our Lady of Treille and completed in 1999 with the modern west facade. It has been a basilica minor since 1904 and a cathedral of the newly established diocese of Lille since 1913. With this it was elevated to a metropolitan seat in 2008 .
Image of Mary
The miraculous image of Our Lady of Treille was a wooden sculpture of Mary with the child from the end of the 12th century, which has been kept in the collegiate church of Saint-Pierre in Lille since the middle of the 13th century and venerated as miraculous. Their feast on the Sunday after Trinity was celebrated with a pilgrimage , procession and fair . Our Lady of Treille has been the patron saint of Lille since 1634 .
When Saint-Pierre was destroyed and demolished during the French Revolution, a priest hid the statue. In 1801 she came to the Sainte-Cathérine church , where she initially went unnoticed. With the Renouveau catholique , the veneration of Our Lady of Treille was revived, and at the end of the 1840s wealthy citizens of Lille came up with the plan to build a large church in the style of French cathedral Gothic for the city's patroness in the historic city center .
In 1874, twenty years after the foundation stone was laid, the miraculous image was solemnly crowned in the completed choir of the church .
In July 1959 the venerated picture of the Virgin Mary was stolen. In its place, Marie Madeleine Weerts created a replica.
church
Building history and architecture
The foundation stone of St. Mary's Church in Lille was laid on July 1, 1854, a few months before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception of Mary . With its size, the project reached the limits of what was feasible, which is reflected in the long construction time and in the ultimately unfinished state of the church. Charles Leroy from Lille created the plans for the huge basilica on a cross plan .
The five- bay parlor choir with a polygonal apse had been completed by 1869 and was consecrated . In 1874, on the occasion of the coronation of the image of Mary, a large bell was donated to the basilica, for which a free-standing three-storey bell tower was hastily built on the south side. This provisional solution has remained until today. The choir top chapel, a hall church , followed by 1897, followed by the other four octagons of the chapel wreath until 1908 . Before the beginning of World War I , the sacristy could still be added.
In the 20th century, Achille Cardinal Liénart , Bishop of Lille from 1928 to 1968, was instrumental in driving the construction forward.
From 1922 to 1938, the two three-aisled and three-bay arms of the transept with the large, figure-rich portal sympana were built. At the same time, the crypt was completed, with 2,500 m 2 the largest in Europe. In 1941, during World War II , construction began on the six-bay nave , which was completed in 1947 up to the height of the triforium . At this point in time it was decided to stop construction and the nave was given a provisional west wall.
In 1953 the decision was made to make the vaults lower and simpler than planned. However, their completion lasted until 1974. 1991 was finally decided to cancel the provisional financial statements and West instead of the planned neo-Gothic western façade with tracery - rosette to build and two large towers a postmodern, only innuendo as neo-Gothic face side, with round windows. This was created until 1999 as an independent construction made of predominantly transparent materials based on a design by Peter Rice († 1992) and Pierre-Louis Carlier .
Furnishing
The Marienbasilika of Lille has the spatial effect of a high Gothic cathedral. Several altars and sculptures, especially in the older eastern part of the building and in the chapels, show the forms of historicism . In deliberate contrast to this, the liturgical elements of the altar island in the crossing were completely recreated in the 2000s in strong red and gold tones with Old Testament motifs. The numerous large stained glass windows from the 19th and 20th centuries flood the room with colored light. The round window on the west facade by Ladislas Kijno has a special position . It combines salvation-historical with world-historical and astrophysical symbolism.
organ
The cathedral has a large Danion-Gonzalez - organ with 7,600 pipes in 102 registers , four manuals and pedal . It was built in 1966 for Radio France and installed by the Klais company in Lille Cathedral in 2007/08 . The smaller choir organ is a work by the famous organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll of the 1869th
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- Coupling: II / I, III / I, IV / II, III / II, IV / II, IV / III (also as sub- and super-octave coupling), I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P ( also as super octave coupler)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The name is derived from a Treola winery near the present-day city of Lille mentioned in Carolingian documents, but its location is uncertain ( Adriaan Verhulst, The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe, p. 104).
- ↑ More information about the organ (French)
Web links
- Website of the cathedral ( memento of October 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (French)
Coordinates: 50 ° 38 '24.4 " N , 3 ° 3' 45.4" E