Baldwin V (Flanders)

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Seal of Baldwin V.

Baldwin V of Flanders , ( the pious or Baldwin of Lille ; * around 1012 in Arras ; † September 1, 1067 in Lille ) from the House of Flanders was Count of Flanders from 1035 to 1067. As husband of Adela of France (1009 / 1014-1079), the daughter of King Robert II , he was the uncle of King Philip I of France . His parents were Baldwin IV and Otgiva of Luxembourg . William the Conqueror was his son-in-law.

useful information

In the 11th century , the Counts of Flanders held most of their territory as vassals of the French kings, a smaller part as vassals of the German king and Roman emperor. During the reign of Count Baldwin V, the areas between the rivers Schelde and Dendre and the margraviate of Antwerp were united with Flanders. In the middle of the 11th century the power of the Count of Flanders was equivalent to that of a king, which ensured them a considerable influence in the politics of Western Europe.

Baldwin was ruler of France from 1060 to 1067 for his underage nephew Philip I of France. Balduin and Adela had four children:

biography

Baldwin was a rebellious son who rebelled against his father. After his prestigious marriage to Adele of France, he did not hesitate to put himself at the head of the rebellious Flemish barons and chase his father away, but was then forced into submission by the intervention of Duke Robert I of Normandy . After the death of his father, he became one of the most powerful vassals in France.

He started a war against Count Dietrich IV of Holland , who denied him the possession of Zeeland , which his father should have been entrusted to by Emperor Heinrich II . Baldwin conquered the Frisians and emerged victorious from the conflict over Zealand. Zealand remained a fiefdom of Flanders.

In 1045 Baldwin sided with Gottfried the Bearded in his fight against Emperor Heinrich III. , which Upper Lorraine had given to Gerhard von Alsace and his brother Adalbert . Because of his rebellion, Baldwin immediately lost the Valenciennes mark . In alliance with Count Dietrich IV of Holland, he attacked the Mark Ename and also conquered Antwerp . Together with Gottfried he even took the Palatinate to Nijmegen , where Albrecht of Alsace found his death in a skirmish. The Count of Flanders submitted in 1056 and after the peace talks in Andernach (1056 and 1059) he was given the Mark Ename as an imperial fief (imperial Flanders ).

In 1051 Richilde became a widow. Lured by the prospect of adding Hainaut to his family's property, Baldwin kidnapped the widow to give her and the county to his eldest son Baldwin . Lietbert, the bishop of Cambrai , threatened with excommunication because of too close blood relatives, but Pope Leo IX. issued a dispensation and lifted the sanction a few years later. The eldest son of the Count of Flanders now became Count Baldwin I of Hainaut , which meant that the two counties would be united.

The war against the emperor now revived. Gottfried III., Who had married his son Gottfried IV. To the rich heiress of Tuscany , Mathilde von Tuszien , called his loyal ally for help. They conquered Liege , destroyed Thuin and advanced to Huy . Henry III. returned the attacks by invading Flanders. Baldwin drove the resistance in Arques , where - according to tradition, in three nights - he had a trench dug that reached as far as La Bassée . However, this trench remained useless because Henry III. crossed it with the help of the former castellan of Cambrai , Jean de Béthune, sacked the land beyond and conquered Tournai , while Gottfried and Balduin attempted a relief attack against Antwerp , which was defended by Frederick of Luxembourg (1055).

The death of Henry III. the following year the argument ended. During the meeting in Cologne (1057) between the widowed Empress Agnes , Pope Viktor II and the French King Henry I , the cession of Eenam (with Aalst ), the castle of Ghent , the land of Waes and the Quatre-Métiers as well as those of the five Zeeland islands decided by Baldwin V. In addition, the marriage between Richilde von Hennegau and Balduin's eldest son was approved and the city of Tournai was placed under his rule.

In 1060 - after the death of his brother-in-law Heinrich I - Baldwin became the guardian of the new King Philip I and then ruled France alone after the remarriage of Queen Mother Anna of Kiev . As regent, he forbade France to support William the Conqueror - the Duke of Normandy  - in his plans to occupy England - but he promised to help Flanders, especially since the future English king had married his daughter Mathilde of Flanders .

In 1063 he married another of his five children, Robert , to Gertrud von Holland , leaving the German part of Flanders to him.

The most powerful Count of Flanders was buried in the center of the choir of the Saint-Pierre church in Lille - the city he had made his capital and the oldest written document of which is a deed of donation from the Counts to the church through which he has a farm near Flers and two thirds of the income of the church in Annappes (both today districts of Villeneuve-d'Ascq ) transferred (1066).

literature

  • Frans J. Van Droogenbroeck: De markenruil Ename - Valenciennes en de investituur van de graaf van Vlaanderen in de mark Ename , Handelingen van de Geschied- en Oudheidkundige Kring van Oudenaarde 55 (2018) pp. 47–127 ( online )
  • Egon Boshof : Lorraine, France and the Empire in the reign of Henry III. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 42, Bonn 1978, pp. 63–127.
  • Cécile Douxchamps, José Douxchamps: Nos dynastes médiévaux (éditeur José Douxchamps). Wepion-Namur 1996, ISBN 2-9600078-1-6 .
  • Georges-Henri Dumont: Histoire de la Belgique . Histoire / le cri, Bruxelles 1977, ISBN 2-87106-182-3 .
  • Edward Le Glay: Histoire des comtes de Flanders jusqu'à l'avènement de la Maison de Bourgogne . Comptoir des Imprimeurs-unis, Paris MDCCCXLIII (1843).
  • Henri Platelle, Denis Clauzel: Histoire des provinces françaises du Nord. 2. Des principautés à l'empire de Charles Quint (900-1519). Westhoek-Editions / Éditions des Beffrois, 1989, ISBN 2-87789-004-X .
  • Ernst Steindorff:  Baldwin V . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 7-9.
predecessor Office successor
Baldwin IV. Count of Flanders
1036-1067
Baldwin VI.
Baldwin IV. Count in Hainaut (Mark Valenciennes)
1036-1045
Reginar of Hasnon