Gottfried III. (Lower Lorraine)

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Gottfried III. the bearded man († December 21 or December 30, 1069 in Verdun ) was Duke of Upper Lorraine , Lower Lorraine and Margrave of Tuszien .

life and work

Gottfried comes from the Wigeriche family . His father Gotzelo I was Duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine. When Gotzelo I died in 1044, King Henry III enfeoffed. Gottfried with Upper Lorraine and Gotzelos second son of the same name Gotzelo II with Lower Lorraine. After the death of his brother, Gottfried also claimed Lower Lorraine, Heinrich III. put Frederick II of Luxembourg against it there. Gottfried rebelled against the emperor partly with the support of the French king Heinrich I (destruction of the imperial palace Nijmegen in 1047 ), but could not prevail and was replaced as duke by the Alsatian Count Adalbert , after his death in 1048 by his brother Gerhard .

After the death of his wife Oda, Gottfried retired to Italy, where he married Beatrix of Lorraine , the widow of Margrave Boniface of Tuscany and daughter of Frederick II of Luxembourg in 1054 . Henry III. deposed Gottfried in 1055 and captured Beatrix. It was only a year later that Pope Victor II achieved the reconciliation of Gottfried with Heinrich and his reinstatement. Gottfried now not only had the Margraviate of Tuscia at his disposal , but also Beatrix's extensive estates, which reached as far as Emilia-Romagna and the Po Valley, and was thus able to build up a leading position in Italy. When the imperial court increasingly lost contact with the cluniac- oriented reform group in Rome under the reign of Agnes von Poitou , Gottfried offered the reform clergy, who to a not inconsiderable part with Leo IX. had come to Rome from Lorraine, and with the election of his brother Friedrich as Pope ( Stephen IX ) in 1057, he further consolidated his position.

He was also able to expand his power and influence considerably through the marriage of his son Gottfried IV of Lower Lorraine with his step-daughter Mathilde of Tuszien .

After the death of Frederick II of Luxembourg in 1065, he received the Duchy of Lower Lorraine back from King Heinrich IV. In his last years he concentrated on this rule, whereas his wife Beatrix reigned in Tuscia .

Gottfried died in 1069 as Duke of Lower Lorraine and Margrave of Tuscia . His son Gottfried followed him in Lower Lorraine; his daughter Ida became the mother of Godfrey of Bouillon .

count

Gottfried the Bearded was after Gottfried I from the family of Matfriede and Gottfried II , like Gottfried III. from the Wigeriche family , the third duke of that name in Lower Lorraine. The number of ducal bearers of this name is not uniform in historical literature, so that the ordinal number II is sometimes used for Gottfried the Bearded.

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Kurt Reindel :  Gottfried II. The bearded. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 662 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Georges Despy : Gottfried III. the bearded one, Hzg. v. Upper Lorraine . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 4, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-7608-8904-2 , Sp. 1601.
predecessor Office successor
Gotzelo I. Duke of Upper Lorraine
1044-1046 		Adalbert
Gotzelo I. Lord of Zutphen
1044-1046 		Gottschalk
Beatrix Margrave of Tuscany
1056-1069 		Mathilde of Tuscany
Frederick II of Luxembourg Duke of Lower Lorraine
1065-1069 		Gottfried IV.
personal data
SURNAME Gottfried III.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gottfried the Bearded
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Lower Lorraine, Margrave of Tuscany
DATE OF BIRTH 10th century or 11th century
DATE OF DEATH December 21, 1069 or December 30, 1069
Place of death Verdun