Stephan IX.

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Stephan IX. (X.) , previously Friedrich von Montecassino OSB , originally Friedrich von Lothringen (* around 1020 in Lorraine , † March 29, 1058 in Florence ) served as Pope from August 1057 until his death . Because of his origins, he is considered the " German Pope ".

Life

Friedrich's father was Gozelo I , Duke of Lower Lorraine .

Frederick of Lorraine was from Leo IX. brought to Rome in 1050 and entrusted with important functions. He had held the offices of chancellor and librarian of the Roman Church (since March 9, 1051), a cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica (since 1049) and cardinal priest of San Crisogono (since June 14, 1057). At the beginning of the oriental schism , Friedrich was Abbot of Montecassino . He retained the abbatiate during his pontificate.

Even if his elevation to Pope - the enthronement took place on August 3, 1057 - initially took place without the consent of the secular rulers in the empire, Empress Agnes finally accepted the result of the election. Friedrich von Montecassino chose the Pope's name Stephan IX.

In his short pontificate, Stephan followed the example of his patron Leo IX. consequently for the internal church reform, in particular the celibacy of the clergy and the strictly interpreted prohibition of the simony .

He died in Florence in 1058 while planning a campaign against the Normans . He was buried in the local Cathedral of Santa Reparata , which was later overbuilt by today's Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore .

On the death bed he is said to have determined that the election of his successor should only begin when Hildebrand, who later became Pope Gregory VII , was back from his trip to Germany.

count

In an alternative count, the priest Stephen II , who was elected Pope but died before his episcopal ordination, is recognized as Pope. As a result, all other popes with this name are counted with a higher number, i.e. Stephen IX. as Stephan X. - in specialist literature, the spelling Stephan IX is often used to avoid misunderstandings . (X.) used.

literature

Web links

Commons : Stephen IX  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. Georg Gresser : Pope Clemens II and the diocese of Bamberg. In: The Bamberg diocese in the world of the Middle Ages (= Bamberg interdisciplinary medieval studies. Lectures and lectures, volume 1). University of Bamberg Press, Bamberg 2007, pp. 87-102 (here: p. 88).
  2. Karl Mittermaier: The German popes: Gregory V, Clemens II, Damasus II, Leo IX, Viktor II, Stephan IX., Hadrian VI. Graz 1991, pp. 130-131.
  3. Karl Mittermaier: The German popes: Gregory V, Clemens II, Damasus II, Leo IX, Viktor II, Stephan IX., Hadrian VI. Graz 1991, p. 133.
predecessor Office successor
Viktor II Pope
1057-1058
Nicholas II