List of the German Popes

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In church and papal historiography , the popes of the 11th century who emerged from the Ottonian-Salian imperial church are sometimes referred to as “ German popes ” ; partly also the close with Otto III. connected Bruno of Carinthia ; but above all the five early reform popes appointed by the Salians between 1046 and 1058 , the most important of which was Bruno von Egisheim , who came from Alsace and was venerated as a saint after his death .

The classification of the Dutchman Hadrian of Utrecht , who is referred to in non-fiction and press reports both as the “last German Pope before Benedict XVI.” And as the first and “only Dutch Pope” in papal history, is unclear . During his lifetime, the Burgundian Netherlands still belonged to the Holy Roman Empire , but in fact divorced only a few years later with its transition to the Spanish monarchy , for which Hadrian himself worked as a close advisor to Charles V, as well as general inquisitor and governor of Spain before his election as Pope seen from the Reichsverbund. The process of nation building in the Netherlands had already started in Hadrian's time. Nevertheless, his pontificate can also be seen as an attempt to improve the institutional ties between the papacy and Germany, which were then broken off.

Joseph Ratzinger , who was Pope Benedict XVI from 2005 to 2013. officiated and, due to his resignation, is also included in the list of popes who have renounced the office , comes from Bavaria and before his curia career as long-term prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981-2005) from 1958 successively theology professor in Freising, Bonn, Münster , Tübingen and Regensburg and from 1977 to 1981 Archbishop of Munich and Freising . Benedict XVI. was the longest reigning German Pope of all time at the age of seven.

The following tables provide some additional data and facts about the so-called "German Popes".

Pope worldly name Age at choice Term of office origin Remarks
Gregory V. Bruno of Carinthia 24 May 3, 996 -
February 18, 999 		Great-grandson of Otto I .; Son of Otto von Wormsgau , later Duke of Carinthia and Judith of Bavaria, place of birth ( Stainach ?) Not exactly known. Partly classified as the “first German Pope”;
set in 998 the Crescentier counter-pope John XVI. from;
promoted Cluny Abbey and was friends with Abbot Abbo von Fleury .
Clement II Suitger (Suidger) von Bamberg
Graf von Morsleben and Hornburg 		41 December 24, 1046 -
October 9, 1047 		born in Hornburg in the Duchy of Saxony
(today Lower Saxony ) 		Often referred to as the “first German Pope”; According to
Georg Gresser , possibly murdered and perhaps blond ;
was buried in Bamberg Cathedral ; his grave is the only surviving papal grave north of the Alps.
Damasus ii Poppo from Brixen ? July 17, 1048 -
August 9, 1048 		called Poppo the Bavarian ; came from the Franconian-Bavarian noble family, place of birth not exactly known (Pildenau / Ering ?), was Bishop of Brixen Poppo took part in the synods of Pavia, Sutri and Rome in 1046/47 . He entered Rome militarily and overthrew the Tusculan Pope Benedict IX. one last time and died two weeks later.
Leo IX (St.) Brun (o) von Toul
Graf von Egisheim-Dagsburg 		46 February 12, 1049 -
April 19, 1054 		born in Egisheim ( Alsace )
was Bishop of Toul in Lorraine before his papal elevation		 First important reform pope;
Escalation of the conflict with Orthodoxy ( schism of 1054 );
was venerated as a saint immediately after his death .
Viktor II Gebhard von Eichstätt ~ 35 April 13, 1055 -
July 28, 1057 		Comes from the Alemannic nobility, was born in Arezzo ( Italy ),
was Bishop of Eichstätt ( Bavaria ) 		Gebhard participated in all synods from 1046/47, accompanied Pope Leo IX. on his trip to Germany and in the 1050s, before and after his election as Pope, was one of Emperor Heinrich III's closest confidants and advisers. Pope Viktor was often in Germany and died surprisingly in his native city of Arezzo.
Stephan IX. Frederick of Lorraine ~ 37 August 3, 1057 -
March 29, 1058 		Son of the Duke of Lower Lorraine Friedrich was in 1050 by Leo IX. brought to Rome and became abbot of Montecassino .
Hadrian VI. Adriaan Florisz Boeyens 62 January 9, 1522 -
September 14, 1523 		born in Utrecht ( Netherlands ) Last non-Italian pope before the election of the Pole Karol Wojtyła in 1978.
Comes from the Netherlands, at that time part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation that belonged to Burgundy .
Benedict XVI.  Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger 78 April 19, 2005 -
February 28, 2013 		born in Marktl am Inn in the Bavarian part of the Inn Valley in the eastern tip of Upper Bavaria Since 1294 the first Pope to give up his office voluntarily and not in favor of an already incumbent competitor.

Length of term of office

Pope Term of office Term of office
Gregory V. May 3, 996 - February 18, 999 1022 days • 2 years, 9 months and 15 days
Clement II December 24, 1046 - October 9, 1047 0290 days • 00000009 months and 15 days
Damasus ii July 17, 1048 - August 9, 1048 0024 days
Leo IX (St.) February 12, 1049 - April 19, 1054 1893 days • 5 years, 2 months and 7 days
Viktor II April 13, 1055 - July 28, 1057 0838 days • 2 years, 3 months and 15 days
Stephan IX. August 3, 1057 - March 29, 1058 0239 days • 00000007 months and 26 days
Hadrian VI. January 9, 1522 - September 14, 1523 0614 days • 1 year, 8 months and 5 days
Benedict XVI. April 19, 2005 - February 28, 2013 2873 days • 7 years, 10 months and 9 days

literature

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b For example: Thomas Frenz: The Papacy in the Middle Ages. Böhlau, Cologne 2010, p. 28;
    Joachim Dahlhaus: Leo IX., Pope. In: Bruno Steimer (Red.): Herders Lexikon der Heiligen. Herder, Freiburg 2011, p. 191;
    Klaus Herbers : History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages. WBG , Darmstadt 2012, p. 117.
  2. ↑ Tilman Struve: Gregory V . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 4, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-7608-8904-2 , Sp. 1668.
  3. ↑ a b A German Pope? In: FAZ , April 13, 2005, accessed on October 14, 2017.
  4. ↑ a b c Ulf Dirlmeier , Andreas Gestrich , Ulrich Herrmann , Ernst Hinrichs , Konrad H. Jarausch , Christoph Kleßmann , Jürgen Reulecke : German history. Updated and supplemented edition 2013 (Reclam non-fiction book), Kindle Edition, Reclam, Stuttgart 2014, timeline for the years 1046-1059.
  5. ↑ a b Bernhard Schimmelpfennig : The Papacy. From antiquity to the renaissance. Special edition of the 6th edition, WBG, Darmstadt 2009, p. 277.
  6. ^ Pope Hadrian VI., Last German Pope before Benedict XVI. In: Wissensarchiv Was ist was , Tessloff-Verlag (preliminary excerpt from WAS-IST-WAS volume 123 Popes ), as of January 5, 2007, accessed on October 14, 2017.
  7. ^ Utrecht press book (city guide for press employees). Published by the Tourism Utrecht Press Office, 2016 edition, p. 15.
  8. ↑ Sieglinde Tömmel: Nation and National Literature. A sociological analysis of the relationship between literature and society in Belgium between 1830 and 1840. Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1976, pp. 95–97.
  9. ↑ a b Benedict XVI. the longest-serving German Pope. In: kirchensite.de (online offer for the diocese of Münster ), KNA message from June 27, 2010 (based on the current status of this Wikipedia article), accessed on October 15, 2017.
  10. ↑ For example Eva-Maria Jung-Inglessis (cf. the Pope portraits on the book title ); Like. Tilman Struve , Art. Gregor V. in the Lexicon of the Middle Ages .
  11. ↑ Markus Knipp: Review of Georg Gresser: Clemens II. The first German reform pope, Paderborn, 2007 , in: Sehepunkte 8 (2008) No. 5, accessed on July 26, 2017.