Santa Maria in Domnica
| Santa Maria in Domnica alla Navicella
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| Patronage : | Mother of God Mary |
| Consecration day : | 7th century |
| Rank: | Basilica minor |
| Medal: |
Brotherhood of the Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo (FSCB) |
| Cardinal Deacon : | William Joseph Levada |
| Parish: | Santa Maria in Domnica alla Navicella |
| Address: | Via della Navicella, 10 00184 Roma |
The Basilica Santa Maria in Domnica ( Latin : Sanctae Mariae in Domnica ), also Santa Maria alla Navicella , completely Santa Maria in Domnica alla Navicella , is a church in Rome . It stands on the top of Monte Celio in the 19th Roman Rione Celio. It is the station church on the second Sunday of Lent (Reminiscere) .
prehistory
In ancient times, at the beginning of the history of Rome's origins, the Caelius was a green hill with shrines in groves and at springs. This is reminiscent of the original name Mons Querquetulanus (oak hill) and the Porta Querquetulana in the Servian wall . Already in pre-Christian times the Caelius developed into a densely built, inner-city residential area. By the beginning of the 3rd century at the latest, the barracks of the 5th cohort of vigiles , i.e. the fire brigade , were built on the site of today's church . During the restoration of the adjacent park of the Villa Celimontana , two column bases with corresponding inscriptions from the time of Emperor Caracalla were found. In the Gothic war was aqueduct of Claudius destroyed, the ruins of which are still visible in the immediate vicinity of Santa Maria in Domnica. The water supply to the district collapsed; it quickly became depopulated and the barracks of the vigiles fell into disrepair. In the 7th century an early Christian diakonia with an oratory was built in the ruins . The small church was first mentioned in the Einsiedeln itinerary at the end of the 8th century as santa maria domnica ; this was followed at the beginning of the 9th century in the Liber Pontificalis, the designation diaconia sanctae Dei genetricis, qui vocatur Dominica . The addition to the name in Domnica is probably derived from the ancient name Dominicum for Christian cult sites. The name S. Maria della Navicella or simply La Navicella must have been in use as early as the 15th century; because the pilgrim to Rome Niklas III. Muffel from Nuremberg calls the basilica in his description of the city of Rome from 1452 "our dear frawen zum Schifflein". The Roman humanist Giulio Pomponio Leto (1428–1498) also calls the basilica the templum S. Mariae in Domnica, sive in Navicula, ubi est navicula marmorea . The "Schiffchen" is an ancient marble work, the origin and age of which are not certain; it could come from a temple, perhaps as a votive offering from a Roman sailor, whose garrison had been stationed in the military camp on Mons Caelius since the 1st century . According to another interpretation, the sculpture located there today is not “the original model of an ancient Roman warship”, but a replica “from the early 16th century”.
Building history
Around the year 820, Pope Paschal I had a new three-aisled pillar basilica with three apses built on the foundations of the previous buildings in the west. Depending nine columns with Corinthian capitals support the arches of the nave; most of the columns and capitals are spolia from the 4th and 5th centuries. The arched windows originally present above each yoke provided plenty of light for the flat-roofed central nave ; the aisles had groin vaults . In addition to a confessio , the Carolingian basilica is believed to have had a crypt , which was probably destroyed during restoration work at the end of the 15th century.
Church interior
The mosaic pictures in the apse vault and on the apse arch were donated by Pope Paschal I around 820. In the vault of the apse, in the center of the picture, the Mother of God with child is enthroned, surrounded by densely packed groups of angels. In her left hand she holds a white maniple , while she holds out her right hand to Pope Paschal I, who is kneeling at her feet. The latter has prostrated himself in Proskynesis and pays homage to the Blessed Mother by touching her right foot. With the square halo he is represented as still alive.
A mosaic from Carolingian times has also been preserved on the apse arch: Christ shows himself to the faithful in a blue aureole ; he is surrounded by two adoring angels and the twelve apostles . From 1489, Cardinal Giovanni de 'Medici , who later became Pope Leo X , had the basilica renovated in the Renaissance style ; The central nave walls in particular were raised and rectangular windows were installed; the vestibule was also created during this work. In 1513 a copy of the old marble boat ( la Navicella ) was made in front of the basilica. The coffered ceiling of the basilica dates from 1566. A modern confessio was built on the site of the old crypt in 1958 , in which today pagan and Christian sarcophagi and relief panels are kept.
Since July 10, 2017, the church has been temporarily blocked due to the construction of metro line C , the apse is inaccessible at all and the forecourt is part of the construction site.
organ
The organ was built in 1910 by the organ builder Natale Balbiani. The instrument was initially in the chapel of the del Celio military hospital and only reached the Basilica of Santa Maria in Domnica in the 1930s. The organ was restored in 2011. It has 11 stops on a manual mechanism and pedal . The actions are pneumatic.
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Cardinal deacons
literature
- Walther Buchowiecki : Handbook of the Churches of Rome , Hollinek, Vienna 1970, Vol. 2, 620ff.
- Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A Vademecum . Herder, Freiburg 2016, 334ff.
- Guglielmo Matthiae: Santa Maria in Domnica , Le Chiese di Roma Illustrate - Marietti, Rome.
- Claudio Rendina: Le Chiese di Roma , Newton & Compton Editori, Rome 2007.
Individual evidence
- ^ Diocese of Rome
- ^ [Walther Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , Vienna 1970, Vol. 2, 621ff.]
- ↑ [Nikolaus Muffel: Description of the city of Rome (1452), published by Wilhelm Vogt, Tübingen 1876]
- ^ [Giulio Pomponio Leto: De regionibus et Urbis vetustatibus descriptio]
- ^ Mauro Lucentini: Rome, ways in the city . Augsburg 1955, page 203
- ^ [ Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A Vademecum . Freiburg 2016, p. 334ff. with floor plan Fig. 52.1]
- ^ [Joachim Poeschke: Mosaics in Italy 300-1300 . Munich 2009, p. 22 and 193. Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A vademecum . Freiburg 2016, p. 335.]
- ↑ https://www.santamariaindomnica.it/lavori-metro-c/ (accessed on July 25, 2017)
Web links
- Graphics and photos of the church
- Pictures of the Church and Navicella
- official homepage (English, Italian)
- Diocese of Rome
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 5 " N , 12 ° 29 ′ 44" E