Salomon (Hungary)

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Salomon, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber after a drawing by Moritz von Schwind , ca.1828
Solomon.

Solomon of Hungary (* 1053 ; † 1087, probably in Pula ) from the Arpáden family was King of Hungary from 1063 to 1074 . He was a son of King Andreas I. He was married to Judith of Hungary , the youngest daughter of Emperor Henry III.

Life

In 1057 Andreas I had his five-year-old son Solomon crowned king in order to secure his succession. Béla I , the younger brother of Andreas, did not recognize this succession to the throne with reference to the seniority principle , drove Andreas from the throne and succeeded him as King of Hungary in 1061. However, Solomon retained his claim to the throne and fled into the empire as an anti-king .

After Béla's death in 1063, Salomon returned with German troops to Hungary, where, after brief battles with the sons of Béla, headed by the later King Géza , he reached a settlement that secured him royal rule. Already during the coronation there were new conflicts, whereupon Béla's sons fled to Poland. From there they returned after a short time with a force and forced new negotiations, at the end of which they were awarded duchies by Solomon. This agreement lasted until 1074. In that year Géza was able to prevail in central Hungary, while Salomon had to withdraw to the western border areas of the country around Pressburg . From there, with the support of his brother-in-law, Emperor Heinrich IV , he led several campaigns against Géza and his brother and successor Ladislaus , but could not achieve any resounding success. Solomon even offered Hungary as a fief to Heinrich at this time, but this failed mainly due to the protest of Pope Gregory VII .

Salomon died in 1087 under unknown circumstances. A legend states that the place of death was Pula, where Solomon retired to after joining an order of monks. According to another legend, he is said to have died as a hermit in a cave near Kronstadt , which lies at the foot of the Solomons rock named after him.

literature

  • Solomon, King of Hungary (1053-1087). In: János M. Bak: Lexicon of the Middle Ages. 1995 part. 7, col. 1315-1316.
  • Eugen Boshof: Southern Europe in the late Salier period. In: Werner Goez, Klaus Herbers (ed.): Europe at the turn of the 11th to the 12th century. Contributions in honor of Werner Goez. Steiner, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-515-07752-9 , pp. 68 ff. ( Books.google.de )

Web links

Commons : Salomon  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Andreas I. (PDF) at research.uni-leipzig.de
  2. ↑ Tünde Radek: The image of Hungary in the German historiography of the Middle Ages. Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 978-3-631-57000-5 , pp. 203-204. ( books.google.com )
  3. ^ Eugen Boshof: Southern Europe in the late Salier period. P. 71.
  4. ^ The Solomons rocks near Kronstadt. In: adz.ro. Retrieved November 25, 2015 .
predecessor Office successor
Béla I. King of Hungary
1063-1074 		Géza I.
personal data
SURNAME Solomon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Solomon of Hungary
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Hungary
DATE OF BIRTH around 1053
DATE OF DEATH 1087
Place of death uncertain: Pula