Salt Office Guben

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The Salt Office Guben , also just Amt Guben , was an electoral Saxon , later royal Prussian domain office, which was formed in 1568 from the possessions of the former Benedictine monastery of Guben . The salt works set up in 1580 in the monastery buildings in today's Guben ( Spree-Neisse district , Brandenburg) was initially subordinate to the Obersalzamt Neusalz ( Nowa Sól , Lebus Voivodeship , Poland) and thus to the Imperial-Silesian Chamber. In 1820/22 the Guben office was combined with the (former) Johanniter Ordensamt Schenkendorf to form the Guben-Schenkendorf Rent Office . This office was dissolved in 1872/74.

Guben on the original table sheet 4054 Guben from 1845

location

The (salt) office of Guben was a small, non-contiguous territory that today largely belongs to Poland. Only the official building with the freedom of office and the monastery bush were in today's Spree-Neisse district, Brandenburg. While the three villages Haaso, Küppers and Niemitzsch at least formed a coherent area, the fourth place Pohlo was about nine kilometers east-southeast of Guben and about ten kilometers northeast of Küppern. The official buildings were located in the monastery suburb at around Kirchstrasse 1 in what is now Guben.

history

Presumably as early as the second half of the 12th century, a Benedictine convent was founded on the western bank of the Neisse in front of the city. In its long history the monastery has acquired quite a considerable amount of property. At the beginning of the 16th century the monastery property reached a size of 25 villages. The monastery also owned lakes, fish ponds, forests, vineyards, mills and interest income from customs and the salt trade. With a forced loan from Emperor Ferdinand for the Turkish Wars in 1537, the monastery property began to be sold off. Two monastery villages had to be pledged for this loan. For the next forced loan in 1541, as many as eleven villages had to be mortgaged. In order to maintain ongoing operations, further goods had to be pledged. In 1562 the monastery still owned nine villages. In 1563 imperial commissioners took over the administration of the monastery, in 1564 the last abbess died. The monastery was never formally abolished, in fact the years 1563/64 were the end of the monastery. The monastery property was brought into a sovereign office. By 1602, another seven of the nine monastery villages had been sold.

Salt works and salt office

In 1580 (1573 is also mentioned) a salt works was set up in the monastery buildings, in which Spanish sea ​​boy salt was boiled or cleaned. Soon after, this office was called the Salt Office. The two last monastery villages Haaso and Küppern were now administered by this office. In 1718 the salt works was stopped, but a salt deposit remained in the monastery buildings. The then Duke Moritz Wilhelm von Sachsen-Merseburg (ruled from 1712 to 1731) is said to have bought the other two estates, Pohlo and Niemitzsch. In 1723 he transferred the office to a bailiff who also administered the salt defeat. Until 1782 Königl. Prussia. Hallish barrel salt was purchased and stored in Guben until further distribution. After that domestic salt from Dürrenberg related. Around 1800 the following goods belonged to the Guben office:

  • Guben, administrative district in the former nunnery, two gardens in the administrative district, two gardens outside, the monastery bush between Grunewald and Reichenbach, firewood from the Guben town heather
  • Haaso ( Jazów ), village. Here, the office had 12 Lehn horseshoe , focusing on eight Lehn carrier distributed. In the event of a change, you had to pay the office four Reichstaler. The office was entitled to interest grain as well as manual and clamping services. The hunting down was also entitled to the office and was leased from it. The city of Guben was entitled to the beer publishing fair. In 1823 144 bushels of rye and 122 bushels of oats were sold by the office.
  • Küppern ( Koperno ), village with a beer mug (1864). Here the office had the higher and lower jurisdiction and the right of patronage. In this village the office had 5½ feudal hooves, distributed among three owners who had to pay four Reichstaler in case of change. The office was entitled to certain hereditary interest as well as tension and hand services. The hunting down due to the office was leased. The city of Guben was entitled to the beer publishing fair.
  • Niemitzsch ( Polanowice ), village with a windmill. The chamber property, including the lower hunt, was leased to the subjects there in 1776. The windmill was given a long lease to the miller Martin Lehmann in 1777. The city of Guben was entitled to the beer publishing fair. However, the beer mug was allowed to make brandy. For a fee of one Reichstaler and eight groschen to the butcher's trade in Guben, the subjects there were allowed to slaughter cattle and trade in the meat. The use of the forest was not included in the lease, but pigs could be driven into the acorn bush for fattening. After the transition to Prussia, the Vorwerk was sold to the local farmers.
  • Pohlo ( Pole ), village with a farm, watermill and sheep farm. In 1775 the one with the high, medium and low hunt, but with the exclusion of jurisdiction, was leased to Georg Wilhelm Seidel. In the same year, Johann Gottlieb Kruschwitz also received the mill in a long lease. The city of Guben was entitled to the beer publishing fair. After the transition to Prussia, the Vorwerk was sold to the local farmers.

The Rent Office Guben was merged with the Johanniter Ordensamt Schenkendorf in 1821 to form the Rent Office Guben-Schenkendorf. In 1868 the administrative district or the freedom of office was incorporated into Guben. In 1872/74 the Guben-Schenkendorf Rent Office was dissolved. In 1874 the monastery buildings were demolished. With that, the last remains of the Benedictine monastery Guben and the Salt Office Guben had also disappeared.

Bailiffs

  • before 1791 bailiff Keßel
  • 1818 Official Inspector Mesenberger
  • 1821 Official Inspector Mesenberger
  • 1824 Jänichen, rent clerk and councilor
  • 1832 Joh. Jenichen
  • 1836 Joh. Jenichen
  • 1839 Kassner (ad. Int.)
  • 1841 Kassner (ad. Int.)
  • 1843 Reinitz (ad. Int.)
  • 1845 Reinitz
  • 1848 Reinitz
  • 1861 Reinitz
  • 1868 Reinitz

supporting documents

literature

  • Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (= overview of the holdings of the Brandenburg State Main Archive Potsdam, Part 1, Series of publications: Publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archive , Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946 (p. 541/2)
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Volume 2, Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Berghaus, Landbuch, 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas . 148 pp., Verlag Klaus Gumnior, Leipzig 2009 ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 2, Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (in the following abbreviated Historisches Ortlexikon Niederlausitz, 2 with corresponding page number).
  • Christian August Peschek: Description of the Churfürstl. Saxon Office Guben. Lusatian monthly or contributions to the natural economic and political history of Upper and Lower Lusatia and the adjacent landscapes, 2 (8): 223–229, Guben, 1791.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch, 3, pp. 525ff.
  2. ^ Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon, Niederlausitz, 2, p. 207.
  3. ↑ Online at Google Books (p. 314)
  4. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1818. 459 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1818 (p. 199)
  5. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1821. 518 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1821 (p. 226)
  6. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1824. 498 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1824 (p. 182)
  7. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1832. 538 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1832 (p. 194)
  8. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1836. 658 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1836 (p. 266)
  9. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1839. 651 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1839 (p. 273)
  10. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1841. 695 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1841 (p. 294)
  11. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1843. 734 pp., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1843 (p. 312)
  12. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1845. 803 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1845 (p. 10)
  13. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1848. 869 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1848 (p. 327)
  14. ↑ Royal Prussian State Calendar for the year 1861. 840 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1861 (p. 400)
  15. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1868. 963 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1868 (p. 416)

Coordinates: 51 ° 57 ′ 8 ″  N , 14 ° 43 ′ 11 ″  E