Samsun class
|
|
|---|---|
| Samsun class | |
 Samsun |
|
| Overview | |
| Type | Torpedo boat destroyer |
| units | 4th |
| Shipyard | |
| Order | 1906 |
| Launch | 1907 |
| delivery | 1907 |
| Commissioning | from September 3, 1907 |
| Decommissioning | 1932 |
| Whereabouts | 1949 demolished |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
284 t |
| length |
58.2 m above all, |
| width |
6.3 m |
| Draft |
2.8 m |
| crew |
75-91 men |
| drive |
2 boilers, |
| speed |
28 kn , 1912: 20 kn, 1915: 17 kn |
| Armament |
|
| Fuel supply |
38.2 tons of coal |
| Sister ships |
Samsun, Yarhisar, Taşoz, Basra |
| similar |
|
The four Samsun-class torpedo boat destroyers were delivered from France to the Ottoman Navy in 1907 . Of them, the Yarhisar was lost in the First World War in 1915 in the Sea of Marmara . The remaining three boats remained in service with the new Turkish Navy until 1932 . The boats were only demolished in 1949.
Exports to Turkey
In 1906, the Ottoman Empire ordered a number of ships in France to modernize its navy. The largest ship ordered was the Marmaris (530 t, 11 kn, 4-65 mm, 2-37 mm, 1 torpedo tube) from Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire in Nantes , which served as a station gunboat in the Persian Gulf. Établissements Schneider in Chalons-sur-Saone delivered nine guard boats of the Taşköprü class (315 t, 2-47 mm, 1 torpedo tube) and four torpedo boats of the Demirhisar class (97 t, 16 kn, 2-37 mm, 3 torpedo tubes). Then there were the four Samsun class boats , three of which were supplied by Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde in Lormont near Bordeaux and the Taşoz in Nantes by Schneider & Cie . The Samsun- class was a replica of the French Durandal-class torpedo boat destroyer . On September 3, 1907, the four boats came into service with the fleet. The new destroyers were named after coastal locations: Samsun , provincial capital on the Turkish Black Sea coast, Basra , today an Iraqi port city on the Shatt al-Arab , Yarhisar ( Yenişehir ), a village in the province of Bursa on the Sea of Marmara, and Taşoz , an island in the Aegean Sea.
Mission history
After the revolution in 1908 and the reintroduction of the constitutional monarchy, the government tried to further modernize the navy and in 1910 acquired the old ships of the line SMS Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm and SMS Weißenburg as well as the four Schichau boats S 165 to S 168 , which were the most modern Type of the German deep sea torpedo boat. The latter came into service as Muavenet-i Milliye , Yadigar-i Millet , Numune-i Hamiyet and Gayret-i Vataniye .
Despite this reinforcement, the navy was unable to play a significant role in the Italo-Turkish War from 1911 to 1912. At the beginning of the war, the four destroyers of German origin together with the Basra (Yüzbaşı Ali Riza), the Samsun (Yüzbaşı Şükrü) and the Yarhisar (Yüzbaşı Osman) formed the destroyer flotilla in Constantinople under Corvette Captain Hakki.
Balkan War
Even before the peace agreement, the First Balkan War broke out in October 1912. The Samsun (Osman İzzet Bey), the Basra (Cemal Ali Bey) and the Taşoz were part of the Bosporus flotilla, while the Yarhisar was being overhauled at the Tersane-i-Amire shipyard on the Golden Horn. In the first attempt to break out of the Turkish fleet from the Dardanelles on December 16, 1912, the so-called Battle of Elli , the Taşoz and the Basra took part with the Muavenet-i Milliye and the Yadigar-i Millet as the destroyer division. The Greek fleet forced the Turks back into the Dardanelles. The three destroyers Taşoz , Yarhisar and Basra formed a torpedo boat division with the Berk-i Satvet on the Dardanelles, while the Samsun secured the Bosphorus with the 3rd division. The second attempt to break out on January 18, 1913 failed in the Battle of Limnos , in which the destroyer division consisted of the same boats as Elli.
First World War
On October 27, 1914, the new Ottoman fleet chief and previous chief of the German Mediterranean Division , Vice Admiral Wilhelm Souchon , assembled the battle cruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim , the cruisers Midilli and Hamidiye , the torpedo cannon boats Berk-i Satvet and Peyk-i Şevket , the destroyers Gayret-i Vataniye , Muavenet-i Milliye , Taşoz and Samsun as well as the mine- layers Nilufer and Samsun near Kilyos , on the coast north of Istanbul , to start the offensive in the Black Sea . For the first time in almost 40 years, the Ottoman Navy wanted to carry out a major operation in the Black Sea. According to the plan, the Yavuz Sultan Selim attacked with the destroyers Taşoz and Samsun and a mine-layer Sevastopol .
On April 3, 1915, the light cruisers Hamidiye and Mecidiye with the four destroyers Muavenet-i Milliye , Yadigar-i Millet , Taşoz and Samsun were used against Odessa . The Mecidiye ran into a mine shortly before the target and sank in shallow water, killing 26 men. The Hamidiye rescued the Mecidiye's crew , while the accompanying destroyer Yadigar tried with a torpedo to completely destroy the Mecidiye , which did not succeed. In April 1915 the Basra moved to the Sea of Marmara to strengthen the local anti-submarine defense. The Yarhisar joined in August. When the Barbaros Hayreddin was torpedoed by E 11 off Bolayır on August 7, the Basra rescued survivors among others .
On December 3, 1915, E 11 sank at 40–45'N, 29–30'E on her third advance into the Sea of Marmara, the Yarhisar (Lieutenant Captain Ahmet Hulusi Hasan) in the Gulf of İzmit between Yalova and Tuzla . At that time she had a mixed crew of 70 Turks and 15 Germans. 42 men could not be rescued, 36 of them Turkish seamen.
On 24 June 1917, accompanied Basra to Lesbos with a foray in the Black Sea off the Danube delta, where the cruiser laid 70 mines and a Russian radio station on Fidonisi (TR: Yılanadası) destroyed. The following day both were discovered by Russian ships, but were able to escape them and the fire of the battleship Imperatriza Yekaterina Velikaja and return to Constantinople undamaged.
In the new Turkish Navy
The three surviving Samsun- class boats were taken into service with the new Navy after 1924 and kept in service until 1932. The old destroyers were only scrapped in 1949.
literature
- Robert Gardiner, Randal Gray (Ed.): Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906-1921 . Conway Maritime Press, London (1985), ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5 , p. 391.
- Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz: The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828–1923 . Naval Institute Press, Annapolis (1995), ISBN 1-55750-659-0
