Sande (noble family)
The von Sande family was originally a low-nobility ministerial family ; it was in the service of the Würzburg bishops with possessions also in the immediate vicinity of Würzburg .
Origin and history
The von Sande family was named after a sandy bank zone on the Main on the diagonally opposite side of what is now the Sanderau district . It was not necessary to fortify the headquarters of the Crusonis Curia in Sande, as the entire district was surrounded by a wall. Further possessions were in Gerbrunn and Randersacker .
The family appears in documents with different name variations and is of the same tribe as the von Randersacker family . The first documentary mention as de Sande was in 1156 in connection with a donation to the St. Stephan monastery . In the following years, the family also appeared in the ranks of witnesses for donations to the monastery. Recurring first names were Marquard , Rutger and Iring . The name developed further at the beginning of the 13th century through additions, e.g. B. as Kruse von Sande or Herbst von Sande , they are called knights and citizens of Würzburg at the same time . From the middle of the 13th century, the use of the name Kruse / Krus predominated, which changed to Kraus with the New High German phonetic shift. Related sexes were the von Heidingsfeld , the Hofschultheiß and von Krensheim . In the 13th century, the Knights of Sande can also be found in the Teutonic Order and the Order of St. John . It can be assumed that they took part in at least one crusade under the Counts of Hohenlohe and Emperor Friedrich II , from which they returned in 1219. Subsequently, all male members of the family, including a priest, took part in equipping the Teutonic Order on the part of the Counts of Hohenlohe-Brauneck by witnessing a whole series of legal transactions before the Würzburg bishop. The Knights Kruse von Sande, like the von Hohenlohe family, also ordered goods to be handed over to the Order of St. John. Since the end of the 13th century, the Kruse / Kraus branch has voluntarily managed goods handed over to the Cistercian monasteries of Heilsbronn , Kirchheim , Zimmer and Kaisheim . a. entrusted with the collection of farm taxes (tithe) (monastery governor). According to the founding legend, the related von Krensheim family founded the Cistercian monastery Bronnbach with other Franconian nobles such as the Lords of Zimmer , following a sermon from the year 1146 in Würzburg or a saying by Bernhard von Clairvaux on a pilgrimage . According to legend, the location in the Taubertal was chosen because three white larks climbed there and sang wonderfully. Bronnbach Monastery was mentioned in one of the few sources on the Templars in Franconia in 1221 under the rule of Prince-Bishop Otto I von Lobdeburg, whose Ministerial Knight Marquard Kruse von Sande was . Knight Johann Kraus appeared as a member of the Templar Order in Germany from 1304 to 1307.
The family coat of arms is identical to that of Randersacker and shows a Radviertel as the coat of arms shield .
Knight Marquard Kruse von Sande was an important figure as the truchess of the Würzburg bishop . In 1230 his father Marquard Kruse von Sande (verifiable from 1209 to 1237) was mentioned in documents in shops for the diocese of Würzburg together with the Duke of Bavaria Ludwig the Kelheimer and the minstrel Otto von Botenlauben .
Gertrud von Sande acted as abbess of the Cistercian convent Himmelspforten in Würzburg from 1557.
In modern times, too, the family appeared as patricians (Riedenburg: mayor, councilors) or church officials (Regensburg). Johann Baptist Kraus was Prince Abbot of the St. Emmeram Monastery in Regensburg from 1742.
genealogy
Priest and dean Leonhard Kraus (1526–1603), a descendant of the Kruse von Sande family, undertook the first genealogical research into this family. He was pastor of Kipfenberg and ran a Latin school . The modern work by Johanna Reimann contains a family tree for the period from 1156 to 1287. Descendants with the family name Kraus, who according to current law only use the former title "Ritter von Sande" as a name addition, can trace their family tree to the present day . In addition to original documents from the last centuries, the family's archive also contains source research in the Regesta Boica, Monumenta Boica , the document book of the St. Stephan monastery, documents from the city of Würzburg, the Württemberg document book and documents from the monasteries Heilsbronn and Kaisheim.
See also
literature
- Johanna Reimann: The ministerials of the Hochstift Würzburg from a social, legal and constitutional perspective, dissertation . In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst . Volume 16, Würzburg 1964, family tree III.
- Winfried Schich: Würzburg in the Middle Ages, dissertation . Cologne / Vienna 1977, pp. 189,290.
- A. Fischer: History of the Hohenlohe House . Vol. 1 (1866), pp. 41-48.
- Chr.Fr. Stälin: Wirtemberg history . Vol. 2, p. 542 ff.
- Archive for Hohenlohe History . Vol. 2 (1870), pp. 215-338, 363-366.
- Peter Müller (Ed.): Bronnbach Monastery 1153-1803. 650 years of the Cistercians in the Taubertal . Wertheim 2007.
- Gerhard Wissmann: Bronnbach Monastery. A walk through the history of the former Cistercian abbey in the Taubertal . Book 2009.
- Karl Heinz Mistele: On the history of the Templar order in southern Germany , in communications for archive maintenance in Bavaria, special issue 5, 1967, pp. 18-24.
- Joachim Rother: On the Templer question in Bamberg , a critical follow-up of the remarks and references about the Templars in the Bamberg sources and the research literature in: Historischer Verein Bamberg, report 147 (2011), pp. 129–158.
- Michael Schüpferling: The Templar Order in Germany , (Diss.Phil. Freiburg / Switzerland), Bamberg 1915.
- Luitpold Reindl: History of the Kaisheim Monastery . Kaisheim 1926.
- Elmar Ettle: 550 years of the Kipfenberg parish. 350 years of consecration of the Eichstätt parish church in 1977.
- Maximilian Halbritter: Old houses in Riedenburg . Riedenburg 1994.
- Johann Friedrich von Schulte: Kraus, Johann Baptist . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie , Volume 17. Leipzig 1883.
- Stephan Haering: Johann Baptist Kraus in: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon , Volume 4, Herzberg 1992.