Kipfenberg

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Kipfenberg market
Kipfenberg
Map of Germany, position of the Kipfenberg market highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 57 '  N , 11 ° 24'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Bavaria
County : Eichstatt
Height : 378 m above sea level NHN
Area : 81.43 km 2
Residents: 5868 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 72 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 85110
Area code : 08465
License plate : EGG
Community key : 09 1 76 138
LOCODE : DE KPF
Market structure: 20 parish parts

Market administration address : 		Marktplatz 2
85110 Kipfenberg
Website : www.kipfenberg.de
Mayor : Christian Wagner ( SPD )
Location of the Kipfenberg market in the Eichstätt district
Landkreis Donau-Ries Landkreis Roth Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Regensburg Landkreis Kelheim Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen Ingolstadt Haunstetter Forst Adelschlag Altmannstein Beilngries Böhmfeld Buxheim (Oberbayern) Denkendorf (Oberbayern) Dollnstein Egweil Eichstätt Eitensheim Gaimersheim Großmehring Hepberg Hitzhofen Kinding Kipfenberg Kösching Lenting Mindelstetten Mörnsheim Nassenfels Oberdolling Pollenfeld Pförring Schernfeld Stammham (bei Ingolstadt) Titting Walting Wellheim Wettstettenmap
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / market
Castle and town with the Catholic parish church of the Assumption and the Protestant church in Kipfenberg from the north-west

Kipfenberg is a market in the Upper Bavarian district of Eichstätt .

Kipfenberg seen from Michaelsberg

geography

Kipfenberg and its surroundings are part of the Altmühlalb natural area . The geographical center of Bavaria is about 500 m east of Kipfenberg ⊙ . 2000 years ago the Roman Limes border wall , now a World Heritage Site , ran through the town center.

Districts

The Kipfenberg market has 20 officially named municipal parts .

Part of the community Residents
(as of May 6, 2020)
Kipfenberg (including the birch mill ) 1787
Arnsberg (including Böllermühle and castle courtyard ) 336
Attenzell 244
Biberg 353
Böhming (including Regelmannsbrunn ) 637
book 190
Dunsdorf 199
Grösdorf 353
Hirnstetten 180
Irlahüll 255
Kemathen 31
Krut 65
Oberemmendorf 99
Stake village 435
Schambach 56
Schelldorf 656

history

Church in Böhming on the foundations of the Roman numerus fort
Kipfenberg town plan from 1814

Until the 19th century

A stool grave from 1800 to 1200 BC was found in the area of ​​the village. Found. The Roman Limes border wall crossed the Altmühltal there. In the district Böhming a roman 232/33 by was Alemanni destroyed and in 1898 discovered and excavated Numerus .

A Germanic Gauburg was founded on the plateau of the Michelsberg around 330. ( Burgstall Michaelsberg ) Later, the Michaelskirche , which today only exists in the foundations, stood there. A hermitage was built on it in 1756 , which, meanwhile orphaned, was demolished in 1819.

The individual grave of an approximately 30-year-old leader of the Friedenhain-Prestovice group (presumed baiovarii ) with Germanic and Roman grave goods, the so-called warrior grave of Kemathen, which was discovered in 1990 during road construction work in the municipality of Kemathen , dates from around 420 .

At the former Kipfenberg train station, a row grave field with more than 104 burials from the 4th to 7th centuries was excavated from 1901.

Between 1183 and 1188 a church was consecrated in Böhming by Eichstätt Bishop Otto (today's church in Böhming is a new building from the middle of the 15th century); 1186 confirmed Pope Urban III. the possession of the Eichstätter cathedral chapter in "Bemingen". Around 1198 appeared in documents of local nobility from "Pemmingen".

Kipfenberg was first mentioned in a document in 1266; a local nobleman named Rudegus de Kipphenberg acted as a witness on a court case. The castle and the place were sold to the Hochstift Eichstätt in 1301 . In 1352 Kipfenberg became a market; at the same time the place, previously a branch of Gelbelsee , became an independent parish. In the middle of the 15th century, the parish church was still today's St. George's chapel; the cemetery, which was abandoned in 1859, was moved there from Försterstrasse in 1616 and thus in front of the town's walls. A school in Kipfenberg is documented for the first time in 1541, which the local pastor Leonhard Kraus operated as a Latin school. From 1500 Kipfenberg was part of the Franconian Empire . In 1627 the current parish church, built in the second half of the 15th century, was consecrated again after three years of renovation. From 1632 to 1634 the plague raged in the place, which the Swedes devastated in 1634 .

From 1803 to 1805 Kipfenberg belonged to the newly formed principality of Salzburg-Tuscany as a result of the secularization . After its abolition, the place fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 . In 1808 the Kipfenberg district court became the Altmühlkreis , and in 1827 it became the Regenkreis . Kipfenberg had been in Middle Franconia since 1837 . In 1869 a hospital was built (today a specialist neurological clinic). In 1898 the Eichstätt – Kinding local railway was opened to traffic as a narrow-gauge railway; later switched to standard gauge. It was abandoned in the 1970s.

In the 1861 census, the place had 777 inhabitants (including 10 Protestants) and 155 buildings.

District affiliation

With the district reform , the large community of Kipfenberg came together with the newly formed district of Eichstätt on July 1, 1972 to form the administrative district of Upper Bavaria .

Incorporations

On January 1, 1971, the formerly independent community of Grösdorf (with the district of Kemathen) was incorporated. On April 1, 1971, the former municipalities of Arnsberg (with Böllermühle and Schloßhof), Attenzell (with Schambach), Biberg (with Krut), Böhming (with Regelmannsbrunn), Buch and Irlahüll were added. On January 1, 1972, Dunsdorf, Hirnstetten, Oberemmendorf and Pfahldorf followed. The incorporation of Schelldorf completed the series of incorporations on January 1, 1974.

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018 the market grew from 4634 to 5838 by 1204 inhabitants or 26%.

politics

Market council

The Kipfenberg municipal council has 20 members. The local elections on March 15, 2020 had the following result:

The turnout was 66.36%. Compared to the term of office from 2014 to 2020, the CSU had to give up three seats, which went to the SPD (1 seat) and the Free Voting Community (2 seats).

mayor

Years Surname Political party
until 1996 Christian White CSU
1996 – April 2014 Rainer Richter SPD
since May 2014 Christian Wagner SPD

coat of arms

Blazon : "A golden car top in red ."

Culture and sights

Attractions

Castle and parish church
Kipfenberg, St. Georg
Geographical center of Bavaria
  • The medieval Kipfenberg Castle is privately owned and cannot be visited. The Roman and Bavarian Museum Burg Kipfenberg with the integrated Limes InfoPoint is housed in a farm building of the castle .
  • The Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary, built between 1458 and 1480, possibly completely rebuilt between 1624 and 1627 (structured wooden ceiling around 1624; baptismal font and holy water bowl from the same year; confessionals from 1626), with late rococo furnishings (1760–1765 three new ones Altars; stair tower extension and pulpit by Joseph Anton Breitenauer shortly after 1768); classicist cheeks (early 19th century). In addition to a late 15th century Saint Sebastian, Baroque figurine by Matthias Seybold . Gravestones from the 16th to 18th centuries
  • Filial church St. Georg, still referred to as parish church in 1458. Extended around 1594, renewed construction phase in 1612. High altar from 1628 with an altar panel from the late 17th century. Two side altars from 1617 and 1692 respectively. Baroque organ from 1732 by the Nuremberg organ builder Adam Ernst Reichard (1670–1756), original preserved. Inside and outside gravestones from the 17th to 19th centuries, mostly made of limestone. Bell from 1842
  • The organ of the Straubing organ builder Anton Ehrlich from 1864 in the Protestant Christ Church
  • Former Brauereigasthof Krone (formerly Zum Kranz) of the 16./17. Century on the market square, since 2006 a community and cultural center , with a three-story bay window
  • Michelsberg, advancing in the shape of a tongue towards Kipfenberg from the south, with steep dolomite rocks on the east and west sides (secured path). Ditches, walls and the foundation walls of the Michael's Chapel (excavated archaeologically in 1983) on the height plate
  • Torture column from 1613 at the entrance to the cemetery, donated by Melchior Jobst von Grösdorf
  • Torture column from 1617 below the Kipfenberg ski lift in memory of Augustin Simmon from Enkering who was “crushed by a horse”

In the parish:

  • In Irlahüll Catholic parish church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, Romanesque tower substructure, 1466 new nave (late Gothic), 1686–87 redesign of the tower with high, eight-sided pointed spire, 1742 repair of the church (new nave?), Baroque transformation by Franz Xaver Horneis and new consecration in 1752; baroque high altar from 1742 with late Gothic Madonna (1470/80), side figures of Saints Peter and Paul around 1500; Side altars from 1742 with more recent pictures; 18th century tombstones inside and out; on the cemetery wall remains of a sacrament niche from Loy Hering's workshop
  • In Kemathen the village church Heilige Familie, in the new building from 1967 a baroque altar (around 1700) with four winding columns and an altar sheet Death of St. Joseph from the previous church that was demolished in 1965
  • Near Kipfenberg Castle, on the Kipfenberg-Gelbelsee road, a memorial stone has been pointing to the geographical center of Bavaria since 1980
  • in Grösdorf the karst spring Grüntopf is a natural monument on the northern outskirts

Architectural monuments

Culture

Kipfenberger Fasenickl

One of the oldest customs in the Kipfenberg Carnival is the Fasenickl with its impressive costumes. The Fasenickl is one of the most dazzling Carnival figures in the German-speaking area thanks to its extremely elaborate costumes and distinctive custom rituals. The Kipfenberg market has the oldest historical sources on this carnival tradition and has always been the center of its dissemination. The widely audible click of a short- handled whip , the babbling behind a wooden mask with a disguised voice, countless bells on the costume and the mysterious excitement "Gösucht" when distributing pretzels and sweets to the children form the acoustic backdrop of an original setting of characteristic rituals with a unique selling point. Confirmed findings allow the custom to be traced back to the Baroque period. With the Carnival Museum Fasenickl, which is housed in the completely renovated gatekeeper house, the oldest structure of which comes from the Middle Ages, the cultural association Die Fasenickl has succeeded in creating a museum gem. The cultural association Die Fasenickl e. V. has set itself the task of preserving the historical garments that still exist and making them accessible to the public, and on the other hand to present the custom of running around the Fasenickl outside of the carnival period.  

The nickname of the Kipfenbergers is "Goaßhenker". There are several stories about the Kipfenberg goat. One of them, according to Anton Hotter, 1875: The Kipfenbergers did not come to the curtain wall because there was long peace. There was now grass growing and it was thought best to have it grazed by a goat. It was decided to pull the goat onto the wall. A rope, which was fastened at the top, was put around the animal's neck and pulled up. The goat was hanged with it and stuck its tongue out of its mouth. She can already taste the grass, called some. For the 750th anniversary of the Kipfenberg market in 2016, the theater performance Die Goaßhenker penned by Florian Schmidt took place on the market square . It spanned a broad arc far into the medieval history of the market town. In an impressive setting, the medieval Kipfenberg awoke anew and thrilled the audience with great pictures, fantastic dialogues and impressive fencing scenes.

Regular events

The Easter fountain , which is set up every year on Palm Sunday in the market square, is worth seeing. The Limesfest, Kipfenberg's historical festival, is held every year around August 15th (Assumption of Mary). At the beginning of September the "Altmühltaler Lammabtrieb" takes place in the Böhming district.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Kipfenberg is on the disused Eichstätt – Beilngries railway line . The district of Irlahüll is crossed by the Irlahüllunnel of the high-speed line Nuremberg – Ingolstadt – Munich , the fifth longest railway tunnel in operation in Germany. The next train station is in Kinding .

The following long-distance cycle routes run through the municipality :

The German Limes Road also runs through the town.

The Limes hiking trail also leads through Kipfenberg.

Education, care & schools

  • kindergarten
  • Schelldorf primary school and "Am Limes" primary and secondary school in Kipfenberg
  • Beilngries adult education center, Kipfenberg branch
  • Parish and community libraries

sons and daughters of the town

  • Anton Kohl (1851–1913), Roman Catholic clergyman and member of the German Reichstag
  • Franz Ermer (1886–1976), painter, graphic artist and draftsman
  • Paulus Weissenberger (1902–1990), religious
  • Josef Kraus (* 1949), educator and psychologist, President of the German Teachers' Association
  • Maria Neubrand (1955–2020), theologian, New Testament scholar, university professor and religious

literature

Web links

Commons : Kipfenberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Markt Kipfenberg in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bavarian State Library, accessed on September 14, 2019.
  3. ↑ Kipfenberg in numbers. Markt Kipfenberg, September 6, 2017, accessed October 21, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Timeline in the Roman and Bavarian Museum in Kipfenberg.
    Sigmund Benker, History of Franconia up to the End of the 18th Century, Volume 1; Volume 3, p. 51
  5. ^ Karl Heinz Rieder, Kemathen - The first real Bajuware
  6. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1011 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 456 .
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 598 .