Boehming

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Boehming
Kipfenberg market
Coordinates: 48 ° 56 ′ 41 ″  N , 11 ° 21 ′ 53 ″  E
Height : 379  (375-402)  m
Residents : 645  (March 7, 2016)
Incorporation : April 1, 1971
Postal code : 85110
Area code : 08465

Böhming is a district of the Kipfenberg market in the Upper Bavarian district of Eichstätt .

Boehming

location

The place is located in the southern Franconian Alb (Altmühlalb) in the Altmühltal southwest of the municipality of Kipfenberg. From the left edge of the valley, the Altmühl flows through the village to a source stream.

Fort plan

history

From prehistoric times, a Paleolithic hand ax made of Jurassic horn was found in 1978; almost all cultural-historical epochs have left their mark here.

Presumably under the Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138), a 95 × 78 m large numerus fort was built to the west of today's town to secure the Altmühlübergang the Limes near Kipfenberg; the Roman fort name has not been passed down. Destroyed in the Marcomann Wars (166–180), it was rebuilt in 181 under Emperor Commodus with an earth wall and stone walling, as reported by a preserved building inscription on the west gate of the fort. After a new destruction in one of the attacks by the Alemanni 232/233, 242/244 probably, but not later than 259/260 fort and camp village have not been rebuilt. Excavated by Friedrich Winkelmann in 1898 , remains of the wall can still be seen. A temple of Fortuna redux and a small Roman military bath stood southwest of the fort .

A Germanic Gauburg was founded around 330 on Michelsberg, which belongs to Böhming. Later, the only foundations of St. Michael's Church stood there. A hermitage was built on it in 1756 , which, meanwhile orphaned, was demolished in 1819.

The place was first mentioned in 1186 when Pope Urban III. confirmed ownership rights in "Bemingen" to the cathedral chapter in Eichstätt . The place name could go back to a Bavarian clan leader Pammo. 1198 a local nobility of "Pemmingen" can be proven. Böhming was its own parish until 1426 and has been a branch of Kipfenberg ever since; the last pastor in Böhmingen was called Conrad Pöpperlein. In the 15th century, the so-called Easter law was held in Böhming two weeks after Easter. The tithe was incorporated into the Willibald choir in Eichstätt in the 16th century and later passed to the pastor of Kipfenberg. In 1621 the Lohmühle (near the Steg houses; demolished in 1927) and a "Hopfngärtl, in which a strong fountain rises" were sold to Bishop Johann Christoph von Westerstetten (the hops were grown in the Böhminger Flur until 1943). In 1631 the prince-bishop had 17 subjects from Böhmingen.

Until the secularization , Böhming with its 20 yards, including a fulling mill, belonged to the lower Hochstift Eichstätt and within it to the Kipfenberg care and caste office.

During the secularization, the lower bishopric and with it Böhming came to Grand Duke Archduke Ferdinand III in 1803 . from Tuscany and 1806 to the Kingdom of Bavaria . In it the village belonged to the Kipfenberg district court . In 1808 Böhming together with Regelmannsbrunn and Kipfenberg formed the Kipfenberg tax district in the Altmühl district, and in 1810 in the Upper Danube district. In 1818 the municipality of Böhming became independent again with the connection of the solitude of Regelmannsbrunn. In 1830 Böhming had 134 inhabitants in 21 properties, in 1861 the place had 57 buildings and 158 inhabitants, in 1950 229 inhabitants in 34 properties. From 1951 to 1966 in Böhming existed an official weather station of the Meteorological Office Nuremberg . In 1966 the Altmühlbrücke, which was partially blown up in 1945 and repaired in 1952, was replaced by a new concrete structure.

To the district office, later belonging to the Middle Franconian district of Eichstätt, Böhming joined the market Kipfenberg during the Bavarian regional reform on April 1, 1971. On July 1, 1972, as part of the district reform, the change from Middle Franconia to Upper Bavaria took place .

In 1983 there were 400 people living in the village, mainly employees, but also farmers in four full-time and 15 part-time businesses. Due to new development areas, the number of inhabitants has risen to over 600 today. The old school house (from 1922/24) in the center of the village was renovated in 2003 and converted into a youth and club house.

The village church in the former fort
St. John the Baptist

Catholic branch church

The branch church of St.  John the Baptist belonging to the parish of Kipfenberg stands outside the village in the district of the former Roman fort in the middle of a walled cemetery. The first church, consecrated by Bishop Otto von Eichstätt between 1182 and 1189, was replaced by a new building in the second half of the 15th century. From this the tower with stepped gables and gable roof is still preserved; three bells hang in it (13th century; 1681; 1960). The nave was rebuilt in the 19th century in neo-Gothic style and consecrated in 1871 . The choir with rib cross vault is located in the east tower. The flat ceiling of the nave shows paintings by Alois Süßmayr . The baroque high altar from the end of the 17th century is a three-part system with Corinthian columns; the three paintings show the baptism of Christ, John the Evangelist and Saint Gregory . The diocesan saint Willibald (figure from 1510/20) and a figure of Mary (around 1500) stand in shell niches on the two-column side altars from the middle of the 17th century . The pulpit dates from 1630/50. - The former sacristan's property (renovated in 2007) next to the church is a half-timbered building with a slate roof from 1775. In 2007, 487 Catholics lived in Böhming.

Others

  • An old saying that can be seen in relation to the prosperity of the village is: "If someone falls from the sky, he must fall to Böhming."
  • Around 1800 Johann Kaspar Bundschuh wrote about Böhming: "Agriculture, grassland and cattle breeding are excellent there, which is why the subjects are wealthy, and Böhming is called the best place in the entire Kipfenberg district."
  • There is a launch site for hang-gliders and paragliders on the edge of the valley.
  • In 1975 the Boehming volunteer fire brigade built a St. Mary's grotto on the way to Kipfenberg, which is now touched by the Altmühltal cycle path .
  • Arnsberger Leite nature reserve

Personalities

  • Anton Gäck (* 1902; † 1983), district home nurse, 1934–1967 teacher in Böhming, in 1967 appointed (first and only) honorary citizen of Böhming.

societies

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Timeline in the Roman and Bavarian Museum in Kipfenberg.
    Sigmund Benker, History of Franconia up to the End of the 18th Century, Volume 1; Volume 3, p. 51
  2. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1012 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 456 .
  4. ↑ Johann Kaspar Bundschuh, Geographisch Statistisch-Topographisches Lexikon von Franken, or a complete alphabetical description of all towns, monasteries, castles, villages, spots, farms, mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes, strange areas, etc. in the entire Franconian district. s. w. ; with a precise indication of their origin, former and present owners, location, number and food of the inhabitants, manufactories, factories, cattle ranch, strange buildings, new institutions, most distinguished peculiarities etc. etc., 6 volumes, Ulm: Stettin 1799–1804. P. 425 Topographia-Franconia Bundschuh

literature

Web links

Commons : Böhming  - collection of images, videos and audio files