Church of the Trinity and St. Spyridon (Trieste)
. The Church of the Trinity and of Spyridon St. ( Serbian : Црква Свете Тројице и Светог Спиридона / Crkva Svete Trojice i Svetog Spiridona), also Holy Trinity and San Spiridione or San Spiridione mentioned, which is Serbian Orthodox church in the northern Italian city of Trieste . It was built between 1861 and 1866 according to the design of the architect Carlo Maciachini . The parish is one of the largest Serbian Orthodox communities in Italy . The church is located in the Borgo Teresiano (Città Nuova) district of Trieste on the Grand Canal in the immediate vicinity of the Catholic Church of Sant'Antonio Nuovo . The church has been part of the eparchy for Austria, Switzerland and Italy of the Serbian Orthodox Church since 2010 .
architecture
facade
The church, built in the neo-Byzantine style , has five blue domes . The massive main dome is surrounded by much smaller domes of the four bell towers, which rise up at each corner of the building and are loosened up in the upper part by an open bell house.
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The main entrance is in an annex with a gable roof facing Via San Spiridione. In 1883 a mosaic depicting Saint Spyridon was installed over the main portal. Above it are a number of statues of saints by Emilio Bisi . The mosaic above the relief shows the four evangelists .
The three other side extensions are lower than the main entrance and are closed by blue half-domes, the diameter of which corresponds to that of the central main dome. The Archangel Michael is depicted above the side entrance directly on the Grand Canal . In the niches to the left and right above the side portal, mosaics can be seen depicting Saints Gregory of Nazianzen and Athanasius . On the side facing Via Genova, the Mother of God with Child and Saints Basil and John Chrysostom are depicted.
The richly decorated facade comes from the Milanese painter Pompeo Bertini . The windows are the work of Antonio Caremi .
The 40 meter high church is 38 meters long and 31 meters wide. Inside there is space for around 1,600 believers.
inner space
The floor plan of the church is a Greek cross . The interior is dominated by the iconostasis , which, as is customary in Eastern churches, separates the chancel from the room in which the faithful reside. The partition is painted with saints and scenes from the life of Jesus : the baptism, the crucifixion and the resurrection of Christ. Above that in the apse there is a depiction of Jesus on the throne, surrounded by his apostles , a work by Giuseppe Bertini . In the middle of the main dome there is an icon of Christ Pantocrator . The silver votive lamp at the main entrance was given to the community by the Russian Tsar Paul I on the occasion of his visit on January 6, 1772 . The most valuable icon of the church is the Madonna Hodighitria , a work by Andrea Rico da Candia (1422–1492).
history
prehistory
The beginnings of the Serbian community in Trieste go back to 1748, when the first merchant from what is now Bosnia-Herzegovina , Jovo Kurtović (Italian also Giovanni Curtovich), settled in the port city. The declaration of Trieste as a free port in 1719 and the consciously tolerant attitude of the Habsburgs towards other religions and nations attracted the poor merchant from Trebinje to the city and enabled him and his family to establish a trading empire with connections to Vienna , Odessa and İzmir within a very short time and build Philadelphia . Another family of dealers followed Kurtović's example.
Although the population of Trieste rejected the small Illyrian community, presumably because of its rapid economic success, Empress Maria Theresa encouraged its development. On March 3, 1750, she allowed the Orthodox population in Trieste to form a community. The Greek Nicolò Mainti then founded an Orthodox community, the majority of which were Greek Orthodox, but a smaller proportion were also Illyrian Orthodox (today Serbian Orthodox).
On February 20, 1751, at the instigation of the Greek Orthodox abbot Damasceno Omero, Maria Theresa gave the newly established Greek-Illyrian community permission to build a house of worship in Trieste. In 1753 the Greeks and Serbs together built the church of Santissima Trinità e San Spiridione on the Grand Canal with the help of an imperial loan of 12,000 Florentines, which is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and St. Spyridon was consecrated. At the urging of the steadily growing Illyrian community, the service was held in Serbian from 1769 . Presumably because of the conflict over the language used during the Holy Liturgy , the Greek Orthodox community separated from the Serbian believers in 1781 and built its own church, San Nicolò dei Greci , on the waterfront . The Serbian community stayed in the church on the Grand Canal, which was expanded by two church towers in 1782 at the expense of the Serbian merchant Giovanni Milletich. As the ground beneath the building was sinking, one of the two campaniles had to be demolished in 1850. The increasing dilapidation and the associated risk of collapse of the church led to its complete demolition around 1860.
Building history
As early as 1858, the Serbian Orthodox community wrote out the design for a new church. From nine submitted designs, the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice selected the blueprint by the Milanese architect Carlo Maciachini . However, the design did not meet the requirements for non-Catholic places of worship at the time. Due to the decree of Empress Maria Theresa from 1751, non-Catholics were allowed to practice their faith in their own place of worship in Trieste, but the building had to meet certain requirements. Churches of other denominations were not allowed to have direct access from a public road or a bell tower. However, the then mayor Muzio de Tommasini advocated the project of the Serbian Orthodox community and invalidated the imperial requirements, since in Trieste there were already places of worship of other denominations such as B. the Basilica San Silvestro of the Protestant community of the Helvetic Confession or the church building of the Evangelical Lutheran Community with the Augsburg Confession , which no longer complied with these guidelines. In August 1860, Maciachini's building plans were finally approved by the Austrian governor. In 1861, the construction of the church began under the construction management of Pietro Palese. The work on the building structure was completed on July 9, 1868 ; the interior fittings and the decoration of the facade were not completed until 1885 . The inauguration of the new church took place on December 24, 1885.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Giorgio Milossevich (undated.): Il Tempio di San Spiridione, Trieste (Bruno Fachin Editore), Trieste, 5.
- ↑ Patrizia Vascotto (2007): I Serbi , in: Dentro Trieste - Ebrei, Greci, Sloveni, Serbi, Croati, Protestanti, Armeni , ed. v. Cristina Benussi u. a. (Hammerle Editori), Opicina, p. 92ff.
- ↑ Cristina, Benussi (2007): I Greci , in: Dentro Trieste - Ebrei, Greci, Sloveni, Serbi, Croati, Protestanti, Armeni , ed. v. Cristina Benussi u. a. (Hammerle Editori), Opicina, pp. 39 and 61.
- ↑ Cristina, Benussi (2007): I Greci , in: Dentro Trieste - Ebrei, Greci, Sloveni, Serbi, Croati, Protestanti, Armeni , ed. v. Cristina Benussi u. a. (Hammerle Editori), Opicina, p. 39.
- ^ Rossella Fabiani (2003): Triest (Mondadori Electa), Milan, p. 39.
- ↑ Giorgio Milossevich (undated.): Il Tempio di San Spiridione, Trieste (Bruno Fachin Editore), Trieste, p.22.
literature
- Marco Dogo (2001): Una nazione di pii mercanti. La comunità serbo-illirica di Trieste, 1748–1908 ( PDF ).
- Giorgio Milossevich (undated): Il Tempio di San Spiridione, Trieste (Bruno Fachin Editore), Trieste.
- Patrizia Vascotto (2007): I Serbi , in: Dentro Trieste - Ebrei, Greci, Sloveni, Serbi, Croati, Protestanti, Armeni , ed. v. Cristina Benussi u. a. (Hammerle Editori), Opicina, pp. 89-115.
Web links
Coordinates: 45 ° 39 ′ 5.3 " N , 13 ° 46 ′ 24.4" E