Sapria
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Sapria himalayana , bud (left) and flower |
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The sapria are a plant kind from the family of rafflesiaceae (Rafflesiaceae), the three kinds in Asia is widespread.
description
Sapria species parasitize the roots of grapevines ( Vitis ), Tetrastigma and Illigera trifoliata . Their vegetative part consists of a mycelium-like tissue within the host plants. The subterranean part of the unbranched flower stalk is fleshy, reddish-white and a little over 1 centimeter thick. At its upper end, below the flower, there are around ten triangular to semicircular, rounded bracts that overlap at the base in a spiral arrangement.
The terminal, radial symmetry and unpleasant smelling single flowers are diocesan . The ten fused to a 4 to 8 centimeters long tube at the base bloom stand in two circles, are approximately triangular, bluntly rounded at the end, 6 to 8 centimeters long and 4 to 6 centimeters wide, red to reddish and yellow (rarely white) spotted . The total diameter of a flower can be up to 20 centimeters. The opening of the tube is constricted all around and fused together with a membrane that is covered with numerous hair-like papillae and only leaves a 1 to 2 centimeter opening into the interior in the center. Its walls are divided lengthways by 20 ribs.
In male flowers, the base of the flower tube is firm, the 20 stamens have grown together completely to form a stalked bowl. The dust bags are on the outside at the transition between the “stem” and “bowl”.
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The shell-shaped fused stamens and the anthers are also found in female flowers, but these are sterile ( staminodium ). The surface of the cup is weakly six-ribbed. The flower tube is connected to the under constant ovary deformed, the ten to twelve placentas are arranged irregularly.
The fruit is spherical; the bloom remains even during the fruiting period.
Systematics and distribution
The species of the genus Sapria are found in northern India , China , Myanmar , Thailand , Cambodia and Vietnam at altitudes between 100 and 1400 meters.
In the genus Sapria , three species are distinguished from one another on the basis of the coloration and speckling of the bracts:
- Sapria himalayana handle. : It iswidespreadfrom northeastern India via Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam to southeastern Tibet and southern Yunnan .
- Sapria poilanei Gagnep. : It thrives at altitudes of 1200 to 1400 meters only in Cambodia in the Cardamom Mountains and its foothills in southeastern Thailand.
- Sapria ram Bänziger & B.Hansen : It thrives at altitudes of seldom 100 to, usually 200 to 750 meters along the Dawna-Bilauktaung and the mountain ranges that run south, with reports from the Thai provinces of Tak , Kanchanaburi , Ranong , Phang-nga and Surat Thani .
literature
- Bertel Hansen: Rafflesiaceae. In: A. Aubréville, Jean-F. Leroy (Ed.): Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-Nam , Volume 14, pp. 59-64, Paris, 1973.
- Hans Bänziger, Bertel Hansen: Unmasking the Real Identity of Sapria poilanei Gagnepain emend., And Description of Sapria ram sp.n. (Rafflesiaceae). In: Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society , Volume 45, Issue 2, 1997, pp. 149-170. Full text PDF. (Sections Systematics and Distribution)
- Shumei Huang, Michael G. Gilbert: Rafflesiaceae. : Sapria , p. 271 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27-X (sections description, systematics and distribution)
