Foam confectionery

Foamed confectionery is whipped up confectionery made from sugar and other sweeteners as well as animal or vegetable foaming agents and swelling agents such as egg white , agar , pectins and gelatine . They often also contain flavors , colors and other additives. The consistency of the foamed sugar ranges from soft foam to elastic and semi-solid to hard; depending on its strength, it is trained , poured, cut or chopped.

Foamed sugar products form a very diverse range of products. The delicate, pourable foams are often poured onto wafers or other substrates and coated with chocolate or cocoa-based fat icing. These include chocolate kisses (or foam kisses), Tunnock's teacakes and foam waffles. Semi-solid, elastic products, some of which are poured into molds using the Mughal method, include marshmallows , so-called "bacon" (sweet, fruit, sugar, hamburger bacon ), white mice and the like. Chewy candies and some oriental specialties made from roasted foam masses such as Turkish nougat and halva are even tougher . The hardest types are called "alabaster" and are used, for example, as cake decorations .

An overview of foamed sugar products

Marshmallow Teacake

Tunnocks Tea Cake

In the UK , this confection is called marshmallow teacake , although in England teacakes are typically roasted, buttered and served with dried fruit. There are several manufacturers of foam kisses in the UK, with Tunnock being the most famous. Tunnock is a Scottish company founded in 1890. The tunnock and teacake are commonly seen in the same food category as the British biscuits and, like these, are eaten with a cup of tea. In Scotland, the Tunnock enjoys cult status and often reminds people of their childhood. All over the world, Scots see the Tunnock as a symbol of “home”. The product itself consists of a round base made of shortbread (crumbly bread), on which a hemisphere of meringue rests (wind biscuits: foam biscuits made from sugar-coated egg white). Since this recipe is based on egg white and not gelatin, it is much more sensitive than a marshmallow. Then they are coated with a thin layer of milk or dark chocolate. In the case of Tunnock, the finished foam kisses are then wrapped in distinctive red and silver foil. A discussion about whether the teacakes are a biscuit or a cake led to an action before the European Court of Justice. The trigger was the British company Marks & Spencer , which wanted to sell teacakes as cakes and not as cookies. (Cookies are taxed - cakes are not). After 13 years of litigation, Marks and Spencer won the award and won a full refund of the taxes they had paid between 1973 and 1994 (£ 3,500,000).

Çokomel

In Turkey, a cake similar to a foam kiss is produced by Ülker under the name Cokomel.

Flødebolle / Negerbolle / Negerkys

Flødebolle

In Denmark, the confection is known as a cream bun and was previously known as the Negerkuss. From the 1960s to the 1980s, however, all major producers turned away from the term “Negerkuss” because the word “Negro” was considered racist. In Denmark there is also a variant available that looks more like a meatball. Denmark is probably the largest producer of chocolate coated marshmallows. Around 800 million foam kisses are produced in Denmark every year. The largest producer in Denmark is Elvirasminde . Elvirasminde produce 650 million pieces annually, of which 400 million leave the country. The remaining 250 million are consumed by the Danish population. Every year the Dane eats 45 flødebollers per head. Traditionally, in Denmark, foam kisses are given to children at school on their birthday. They are available in every supermarket and bakeries that sell the gourmet versions. You can even find them on the menu in restaurants every now and then. Many pastry shops see it as a challenge and a kind of masterpiece of the art of baking. The popularity can be easily demonstrated by the immense number of varieties. Regardless of the coating, the base is often a simple cracker. Homemade versions, however, often have a shortbread or marzipan cookie as a base. While almost every imaginable flavored filling is available in bakeries, liquorice and marzipan fillings are the main focus in retail.

Krembo

Krembo

Krembo (“creme-in-it”) is very popular in Israel, especially during the winter months as an alternative to ice cream. The foam kiss is wrapped in colored aluminum foil. It consists of a sponge cake base with egg whites cream, which is coated with a thin layer of chocolate. In Hebrew, the word krembo is a combination of krem ​​(cream) and bo (in it). The average krembo weighs 25 grams and has a calorific value of approx. 480 kJ (= 115 kcal ). In Israel, the "Krembo Season" is from October to February. 50 million krembos are sold in Israel every year - an average of 9 krembos per person. According to a study by Strauss - Israel's leading producer of krembos - 69% of Israelis prefer to eat krembos top-down (starting with the cream), and only 10% starting with the biscuit. The remaining 21% of those questioned had no preference. Krembos are also exported to America and Canada. The biggest buyers are mainly kosher shops. The pastry was particularly popular in the former territory of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine . In the 1940s, it was known as Cushi. Mass production was introduced in 1957. The first manufacturer, the Whitman Company, coined the name Krembo. In 1957 the mocha flavor was developed. And in 1979 Whitman was bought by Strauss-Elite, today's market leader in Israel. In 2007 Nestlé launched an ice cream variation (Lebko). In Israel, Krembo has become a national confectionery symbol.

Mallomars

Mallomars, a product by the American manufacturer Nabisco , consist of a circular biscuit that is coated with marshmallow-like marshmallow confectionery and covered with dark chocolate; the chocolate forms a solid shell. Mallomars were launched in 1913. In the same year, the "moon pie" (a sweet made from the same ingredients) came onto the market. The first pack of Mallomars was sold in West Hoboken, New Jersey. Mallomars are usually available from early October to April, but do not ship during the summer months. The manufacturer gives the reason that they melt very easily when heated; Marketing reasons, however, play an equally important role. Mallomar lovers therefore buy a supply in winter which they keep (frozen) refrigerated. 87% percent of all Mallomars are sold in metropolitan New York; these Mallomars are produced exclusively in a factory in Scarborough, Ontario (Canada).

Mohrenkopf / negro kiss / chocolate kiss

Chocolate kisses are mentioned for the first time in 1829. They were first produced industrially in 1920. Chocolate kisses are produced all year long. About 120 billion chocolate kisses are sold each year, which is an average of around a dozen chocolate kisses per person. They are available in supermarkets, bakeries and sometimes even in schools. The chocolate kisses are made with sweetened egg foam and not with a marshmallow filling. The sweetener Splenda is used in the manufacture of most chocolate kisses. There are also products with sugar substitutes on the Belgian market. The consistency is quite loose and not sticky. Originally the products were only known under the name Mohrenkopf or Negerkuss. In the 1980s, most of the companies changed the official product name. Neutral terms such as chocolate kiss, foam kiss (see generic term ) or a brand-specific name were introduced (see brand ). The most famous brands in Germany are the Dickmann's, in Austria the most famous brand is the Schwedenbombe. In the south and southwest of Germany and in German-speaking Switzerland, however, they are still known as Mohrenkopf among large parts of the population. In France, as well as in French-speaking Switzerland, they are called Schokokopf (Têtes Choco).

Negro nets

In Flanders the confectionery is known as Negerinnentetten. The word can be translated either as "Negerbusen" or from the French as Negro head (Tête de Nègre). However, these days the products are no longer marketed under the above terms because they are considered offensive.

Negro zones

In the Netherlands they are called Negerzoenen ("negro kisses"). Although some companies have changed the name to Zoenen ("Kisses"), it has sparked some discussion because the Dutch word for negro is perceived as neutral, while the English equivalent is perceived as derogatory and racist. The German Negerkuss was also renamed to Schokokuss . The chocolate kisses are often sold in packs of 9. This is purely about the play on words "Negen Zoenen" (nine kisses). One of these companies claims that the name change was purely for marketing reasons.

Whippets

Whippet cookies are produced in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. They consist of a sponge cake base, a marshmallow filling and a hard chocolate shell. The Whippet Cookies came on the market in 1927, but were already produced and sold by Viau under the name "Empire" from 1901 onwards. Nowadays the cookies are still produced in Montreal at the east end of the Viau factory, which is now owned by Dare Foods. Currently they are available in both dark chocolate and milk chocolate and in a variety of flavors. The Whippet Cookie is also available in some grocery stores across the rest of Canada and the United States.

Another Canadian cookie is “Viva Puffs,” which Dare Foods produces in five different flavors. Viva is a brand name. These sweets have been known in Canada for at least 50 years as “chocolate puffs” (German: “chocolate cream puffs”).

Choco Mallows

In the Philippines, Fibisco produces a product - similar to Mallomars - called "Choco Mallows" (brand). Unlike the Mallomars, Choco Mallows are available all year round. Probably due to the tropical climate, the "hard chocolate shell" of a Choco Mallow is usually just a soft chocolate coating that does not harden completely even when it is cooled. Choco Mallows are usually wrapped in foil and sold in boxes of six. Still, it happens every now and then that street vendors and small street shops also sell them individually.

Beso de Moza

In Peru the sweets are known as "Beso de Moza" (girl kisses). They are sold by Nestlé. There is currently a competition between the flavors strawberry and lucuma. This product is also available in Ecuador. In Colombia it is called "Beso De Negra" (kiss of the black woman) or "Chocmelo", a suitcase word made of chocolate and masmelo (marshmallow). However, the chocmelos don't always have a biscuit as a base.

Bombocas

In Portugal these sweets are known as "bombocas". They are sold under different brand names in supermarkets. They are sold in 3 main flavors: milk flavor (white inside), strawberry (pink) and vanilla (yellow). In recent years they have been known as "Beijinhos".

MallowPuffs

In New Zealand, the biscuit manufacturer Griffin produces MallowPuffs, a chocolate biscuit that is described as "a light, airy marshmallow covered with milk chocolate sitting on a biscuit". The filling of the MallowPuffs tends to be firmer and more rubbery than in other similar products (Tunnock, foam kisses). They are available in a variety of different flavors. The slogan for MallowPuffs: “Have you done enough for a MallowPuff” can now be found in the New Zealand cultural dictionary.

MunchMallow

The MunchMallow is produced by Jaffa in Serbia. It consists of a biscuit, a soft foam filling and a cocoa coating.

Zefir

Zefir

Zefir is made from fruit and berry puree with added sugar and egg whites. It is produced and sold in the former countries of the Soviet Union. The recipe is a fusion of the traditional Russian “pastila” with the French “baiser”. It was named after the Greek god of the light west wind because of its light and airy consistency. Usually the shape is similar to a traditional meringue, but unlike meringues, a zefir is never crispy, but rather soft. Zefires are available with or without a chocolate coating. In contrast to the other sweets of this type, a zefir does not have a sponge cake base.

Other variations

In the 1950s, a local variation of the chocolate kiss became popular in Lebanon, the "Ras el abd" (slave head) by Gandour. The product has now been renamed Tarboush, but the old name has been retained by the population. Similar are the "Wagon Wheels" in Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. In Australia, the most similar product is Arnott's Chocolate Royals, which is available in dark and milk chocolate. "Choco Pie" is produced by Orion in Korea and is similar to the North American "MoonPie" and "Scooter Pie". In South Africa this product is known as "Sweetie Pies".

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Federal Association of the German Confectionery Industry : Guideline for sugar products . Ed .: Federation for Food Law and Food Science . May 2012, Section D 4, p. 9 ( document on the BLL website [accessed September 29, 2014]).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Waldemar Ternes , Alfred Täufel, Lieselotte Tunger, Martin Zobel (eds.): Food lexicon . 4th, comprehensively revised edition. Behr, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-89947-165-2 , keywords "Foam sugar products", "Foam sugar products, Oriental", p. 1658, 1659 .
3. ↑ Teacake set to cost taxman £ 3.5m BBC News report
4. ↑ Sweettooth fans swamp Tunnock's tours . In: Scotland On Sunday . The Scotsman. Archived from the original on April 24, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
5. ↑ Chocolate Marshmallow Teacakes
6. ↑ Tunnock's teacakes "genuine Scottish icons" according to "British Delights" website . Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 20, 2008. 
7. ^ A recognized favorite Scottish memory - Tunnock's Teacakes . Retrieved September 20, 2008.
8. ↑ BBC report on debate over status of teacake - cake or biscuit . In: BBC News , April 10, 2008. Retrieved September 27, 2008. 
9. ^ Management Today Business magazine on the Teacake name debate . Archived from the original on October 9, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 27, 2008. 
10. ↑ BBC report on Marks and Spencer being awarded the VAT that was wrongfully collected . In: BBC News , February 4, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2014. 
11. ↑ Erhvervsbladet.dk
12. ↑ Haaretz.com
13. ↑ ^{a b c d} 10 Things you don't know about a krembo (Hebrew) , Yedioth Ahronoth . November 7, 2003. Retrieved January 20, 2007. 
14. ↑ פיתוח ישראלי חדש: קרמבו גלידה (Hebrew) , Yediot Aharonot. February 7, 2007. 
15. ^ Jews of Brooklyn Ilana Abramovitch and Sean Galvin, Brandeis University Press, ISBN 1-58465-003-6
16. ↑ The Mallomar
17. ↑ Production method of the Mallomars
18. ↑ Barron, James (December 8, 2005). "The Cookie That Comes Out in the Cold" . The New York Times .
19. ^ Homestead.com
20. ↑ https://www.kookjij.nl/recepten/negerinnetetten Negerinnentetten
21. ↑ http://sugarforthebrain.com/2012/05/05/homemade-whippet-mallows-or-chocolate-covered-marshmallow-cookies/
22. ↑ http://www.kingarthurflour.com/recipes/choco-mallow-recipe
23. ↑ http://libroderecetas.com/articulos/beso-de-moza
24. ↑ MallowPuffs by Griffins ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved May 14, 2011 
25. ↑ [1]
26. ↑ http://momsdish.com/recipe/20/zefir-russian-marshmallows
27. ↑ Ghandour wants us to eat “Tarboush” instead of “Ras El Abed” . Retrieved October 10, 2014.