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Achimenes erecta , cultivated form |
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| Pers. |
The plant genus Achimenes ( Achimenes ) belongs to the family of the Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae). The approximately 24 to 26 species occur only in the Neotropic . Some varieties, mainly of hybrids involving several species, are used as flowering ornamental plants , especially as houseplants .
description
Achimenes species grow as perennial herbaceous plants mostly terrestrial. They usually form rhizomes as persistence organs. The often unbranched stems are upright to prostrate. The stalked, mostly opposite, simple leaves are more or less asymmetrical. The leaf margin is often serrated.
On the leaf axils the flowers are usually too few together or they are solitary. The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are five-fold. The five sepals are free. The five petals are fused tubular or plate-shaped; the name comes from the eye-catching, mostly asymmetrical “plate”. The four stamens fused with the base of the petals hang together at the tips. The ovary is almost to completely subordinate. The discus is smooth. The curved style ends in a two-lobed scar.
Dry, bilobed capsule fruits are formed that contain many tiny seeds.
distribution
This genus occurs only in the Neotropic . Most of the species are found in Mexico and Central America. In contrast, with Achimenes longiflora the area extends to Colombia and with Achimenes erecta even to Colombia and the Caribbean.
Systematics
The valid first description of the genus Achimenes was made in 1806 by Christian Hendrik Persoon in Synopsis Plantarum , 2, p. 164. Type species is Achimenes coccinea (Scop.) Pers. today a synonym of Achimenes erecta (Lam.) HP Fox . The same generic name Achimenes was also published by Patrick Browne in 1756 and also Vahl in 1791 with other type species. Synonyms for Achimenes Pers. are: Amalophyllon Brandegee , Cyrilla L'Hér. , Trevirana Willd. , Locheria Rule , Guthnickia Rule , Dicyrta Rule , Eumolpe Decne. , Scheeria Seem. , Plectoploma Hanst.
Species and hybrids
There are around 24 to 26 species of Achimenes :
- Achimenes admirabilis Wiehler : It was first described from southwest Mexico.
- Achimenes antirrhina (DC.) CVMorton
- Achimenes brevifolia C.V. Morton
- Achimenes candida Lindl. : It occurs in the Mexican state of Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama.
- Achimenes cettoana H.E. Moore
- Achimenes erecta (Lam.) HP Fox : It is native to Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Colombia and is a neophyte in the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Jamaica.
- Achimenes dulcis C.V. Morton
- Achimenes fimbriata Rose ex CVMorton , non (Hook.) Henderson
- Achimenes flava C.V. Morton
- Achimenes glabrata (Zucc.) Fritsch
- Achimenes grandiflora (Schiede) DC. : It occurs in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
- Achimenes heterophylla (Mart.) DC.
- Achimenes hintoniana Ramírez Roa & LESkog : It was first described from Mexico.
- Achimenes longiflora DC. : It is originally found in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia and is a neophyte in Venezuela, Martinique Dominica and Guadeloupe.
- Achimenes mexicana (Seem.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Fritsch
- Achimenes misera Lindl.
- Achimenes nayaritensis L.E. Skog
- Achimenes obscura C.V. Morton
- Achimenes occidentalis C.V. Morton : It was first described from Mexico.
- Achimenes patens Benth.
- Achimenes pedunculata Benth.
- Achimenes saxicola (Brandegee) CVMorton
- Achimenes skinneri Lindl.
- Achimenes woodii C.V. Morton : It was first described from Mexico.
Some hybrids from horticultural culture (selection):
- Achimenes × dentoniensis hoard . ex Henderson
- Achimenes × eeckhautei hort. ex Henderson
- Achimenes × escheri rule
- Achimenes × georgeana hort. Mak. ex Morr.
- Achimenes × leighii hort. ex Henderson
- Achimenes × parsonsii hort.
- Achimenes × rollisonii hort. ex Dombrain
- Achimenes × sanguinea (hort. Ex Hanst.) Rule ex Hanst.
- Achimenes × Scheerioides rule
- Achimenes × venusta hoard. ex Paxton
There are also generic hybrids (intrageneric hybrids), for example x Achimenantha H.E. Moore .
swell
- Conrad V. Morton: Gesneriaceae in The Flora of Costa Rica . Volume 18, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 1938, pages 1140-1141.
- Anton Weber & Laurence E. Skog: The Genera of Gesneriaceae from the Faculty of Botany at the University of Vienna & Department of Systematic Biology, Botany Smithsonian Institution, 2007: Achimenes .
- For species list enter Achimenes in the search mask.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e Achimenes in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
- ↑ Christian Hendrik Persoon: Synopsis Plantarum , 2, 1806, p. 164 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org.
