Lock system on the Nogat

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lock between Liwa and Nogat

The lock system on the Nogat ( Polish: Zespół śluz na Nogacie ) consists of two locks on Nogat and Liwa ( German love ). The structure was built between 1852 and 1914 and is located in Biała Góra (Weißenberg) in the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland .

location

The two locks are located immediately west of the center of Biała Góra at the junction of the Nogat from the Vistula. The northern tip at the junction is called Mątowski Cypel (Montauer Spitze) . From 1920 to 1939 the area was the triangle between East Prussia , Poland and the Free City of Danzig . The Liwa flows into the Nogat directly below both locks.

history

Since 1371 the Nogat was an estuary of the Vistula in the Vistula-Nogat Delta. The residents of the Werder reclamation areas were often threatened by floods , which were mostly caused by ice jams in the spring months . In February 1840 the river created a new estuary through the Vistula Gorge in the village of Neufähr. By shortening the Vistula by 14 kilometers, its gradient and the ratio of the outflows over the Vistula and Nogat changed. Ice drifts on the Nogat in 1816, 1829, 1839 and 1844 led to dike breaches. The planned railway bridges at Dirschau and Marienburg were intended to reduce the risk of flooding there. As a result, a number of plans arose to regulate the lower reaches of the Vistula and the Nogat. Since then the situation has been repeatedly changed by hydraulic structures.

Confluence of the Nogat (left) and Liwa (front)

The lock between Liwa and Nogat was built in 1852. Together with several other Nogat locks, it made it possible to maintain navigability in the lower reaches. In 1879 this lock was raised to the level of the Vistula dams.

In the 1850s, the Vistula-Nogat Canal was dug north of Pieckel (Piekło) , which the Nogat once again fed water to the Vistula. At this point there was an old arm of the Nogat. The course of the river northwest of Weißenberg was named Alte Nogat . This was separated from the Vistula and the further course of the Nogat by three dams, called “Coupirungen”, since September 1853. The middle dam was near Weißenberg, the other two 1,300 meters above and below the course of the river. The Vistula ice drift was supposed to be kept away from the Nogat by blocking measures. - However, floods occurred in 1854 and 1855 because the Vistula broke through the dams in other places.

This situation was reduced again at the beginning of the 20th century. In the meantime, the Vistula had again received a new mouth with the breakthrough (Przekop Wisły) in 1895. The Nogat Canal was separated from the Vistula by a dam between 1912 and 1915 and has since silted up. A new lock was built at the junction of the Nogat at the Montau peak, which was completed in 1914. After opening to the Vistula, the Nogat received its old bed from the 1840s again.

Memorial stone from 2008

Between 1920 and 1939 the customs border between East Prussia and Danzig ran between the two locks.

The lock system was entered in the national list of monuments on August 8, 1979 under the number 55/79.

The West Prussian Cross, which was destroyed in 1945, was erected on the White Mountain east of Weißenberg in 1930 . A former boundary stone has stood on the dam on the Nogat since 2008 , the plaque of which commemorates the 90th anniversary of Poland's re-establishment. The names of the four cities of the Free City of Danzig can still be read faintly on the reverse: Danzig , Sopot , Tiegenhof and Neuteich .

description

Lock between Nogat and Liwa (1852/1879)

The lock was built in the dam of the second “Coupirung”. Two lockable tunnel tubes guide the water of the Liwa through the structure. The building is marked on the nogat side with the years “1852” and “1879”. The difference in height of the elevation from 1879 can be read on the masonry. The gates are closed and opened vertically. The lock is not in use, but the open gates can be entered by small boats.

The structure crosses the DW603 voivodship road over the Liwa.

Lock between Nogat and Vistula (1914)

Lock between Nogat and Vistula

The lock is located north of a weir with three passages. Your chamber is 57 meters long and 9.53 meters wide. It is equipped with steel gates. The maximum level difference is 4.10 meters and is the largest of the four locks between the Vistula and the Fresh Lagoon . The three other Nogat locks have chambers of comparable size.

The structure crosses the DW605 voivodship road over the Nogat.

Web links

Commons : Lock system on the Nogat  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Hermann Bindemann: The branch of the Nogat from the Vistula. Saunier, Danzig 1903. (Digitized: urn : nbn: de: gbv: 9-g-4881432 of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Digital Library)

Footnotes

  1. ↑ H. Bindemann: The branch of the Nogat from the Vistula. P. 61.
  2. ↑ H. Bindemann: The branch of the Nogat from the Vistula. P. 62.
  3. ↑ H. Bindemann: The branch of the Nogat from the Vistula. P. 65.
  4. ↑ Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa: Informational register of monuments of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. P. 106.
  5. ↑ ordensland.de: Biała Góra / Weissenberg (East Prussia) (accessed on August 8, 2020)