Rauschendorf Castle
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Location of the Rauschendorf Castle in the state of Brandenburg
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Rauschendorf Castle is a mansion in Rauschendorf in the north of Brandenburg . It was built in 1723 by Hermann Graf von Wartensleben, remodeled in the 19th century in the neo-renaissance style and destroyed by fire in 1921. In 1923 a two-story baroque palace was rebuilt by Ernst von Beyme .
history
The Rauschendorfer Castle goes back to a knight's seat, which was established after 1220 by Gebhard von Arnstein (later: Count of Lindow-Ruppin ) to secure his land. After the death of the last Count of Lindow in 1524, the knight's seat and the associated field mark fell to Elector Joachim von Brandenburg. In 1581 it came into the possession of the von der Groeben family through an exchange .
In 1723 Dorothea von der Groeben married Count Hermann von Wartensleben , the son of the General and Minister Alexander Hermann von Wartensleben , so Rauschendorf came into the possession of the Counts of Wartensleben , together with Schönermark ; around 1735 Dorothea also inherited Baumgarten and Meseberg , where she and her husband had today's castle built.
Rauschendorf Castle was built around this time. It was a one-story, eleven-axis plastered building with a mezzanine floor and a simple facade design. Corresponding traces in the basement and remains of the foundations in the area around today's castle show that the foundation walls of the old knight's seat were included.
Around 1737, Count Wartensleben began building the castle in Meseberg, in whose shadow the castle in Rauschendorf was to stand from then on. The daughters of Hermann von Wartensleben sold the castle in Rauschendorf and the property belonging to it in 1774 to Prince Heinrich in Rheinsberg , who gave it to his favorite Major von Kaphengst as a gift together with a complex of goods. As a result of an ever-increasing debt burden, von Kaphengst had to sell the Rauschendorfer Gut to Count Blumenthal two years before his death in 1798.
In 1810 the estate and castle Rauschendorf changed hands again. Von Blumenthal sold it to JFC von Rieck. Rieck, who was later promoted to baron, lived in the castle until around 1856 and used it as a retirement home. In 1832 he had the inspector's house built. Around 1856 von Rieck sold the estate and castle to the brewery owner CF Kluge from Berlin.
He had the one-story house built by La Pierre around 1860 by extensive expansion of the roof; the facade and roof gable received decorative decorative elements in the neo-renaissance style. The illustration in the work of Alexander Duncker shows the castle after this reconstruction.
In 1875 the brewery owner Albert Heinrich Bolle (1833–1909) acquired the Rauschendorfer manor. He came from a wealthy Berlin family and was the brother of the zoologist and naturalist Carl August Bolle . During this time, many exotic trees were planted in the park. The castle got an extension on the west side in the form of a winter garden with a balcony above, and the terrace on the north side was covered with a glass roof. In 1907 a new owner appears in the goods address book for Brandenburg: Robert Ollendorf, but only two years later Ernst von Beyme acquired the estate and castle. After a major fire in the castle on January 30, 1922, the building that still exists today was built on the foundations of the old castle according to plans by the architect Ernst Paulus from Berlin.
reconstruction
The reconstruction of the palace was strictly based on the baroque mansion buildings typical of the country: No fashionable trends such as the outgoing Art Nouveau found their way into the design, references to contemporary villa architecture of the bourgeoisie were also avoided. A special feature of the new building are the corridors with cross vaults. Different oak parquets were laid on the ground floor, the plaster framing of the ceilings is also different and simple.
Based on the previous building, the eleven-axis facade structure was retained on the entrance side. A narrow, three-axis central projection was a dormant two double columns Altan purposed. The end of the central risalit forms a bell gable borrowed from the Renaissance design language in the attic. The sober design of the entrance facade consists of a horizontal cornice and two banded plaster pilasters or pilaster strips.
On the garden side there is a nine-axis structure with a wide central risalit, in which a classical architectural motif was used through the design with arched windows and which is reminiscent of the garden side of the Meseberg Castle. The simple decoration on the entrance side is continued here with four banded plaster pilasters and the horizontal cornice between the first and second floors.
Allegedly Hermann Göring had a brief eye on the castle during National Socialism - Göring was looking for goods that could be “expropriated”, which he could offer to landowners in Schorfheide in exchange or as compensation for local expropriations in connection with his hunting seat Karinhall (instead of Rauschendorf then expropriated by the owner of Meseberg Castle around 1943 ). After the heavy bombing raids on Berlin, the Swiss embassy was quartered in Rauschendorfer Schloss. After the family fled west or in the field, only the widow Ernst von Beymes, Mathilde von Beyme, stayed in Rauschendorf. After unsuccessful attempts to save the Gut und Schloss family, they were expropriated in September 1945.
Due to the large number of refugees who had found accommodation in the castle, contrary to the orders of the Soviet occupying forces, it was not demolished. During the GDR era , the house was a community center with a day-care center, post office, hairdresser, church rooms and a village pub as well as apartments.
After 1990 it was owned by the municipality and in 2007 it was again privately owned. Future use includes yoga and acting seminars.
owner
The owners of the castle changed several times over the centuries. In chronological order these were:
- 1723–1774 Count of Wartensleben re . Inherit
- 1774–1775 Prince Heinrich of Prussia
- 1775–1798 Christian Ludwig von Kaphengst ( see also : Meseberg Palace )
- 1798–1810 Count von Blumenthal
- 1810–1856 Baron von Rieck
- 1856-1875 CF Kluge
- 1875-1906 HA Bolle
- 1906–1909 Robert Ollendorf
- 1909–1945 Ernst von Beyme re. Inherit
- 1946–1989 after the expropriation, the building was considered public property
- 1990–2007 Sonnenberg community
- in private ownership again since 2007
grange
On a Urmes table sheet from 1825, the manor farm across from the castle can be clearly seen. In addition to the farm, all other buildings in the village belonged to the estate: a wheelwright, a blacksmith's shop, a gardening shop, the eagle's cellar, barns, a reapers barracks, a mill, the distillery as well as houses for the farm workers and the inspector's house. Until 1945 the farm comprised approx. 700 hectares of arable, forest and pasture land. Some of the buildings that used to belong to the estate have been preserved to this day in a modified form.
Park
A baroque park around the mansion existed until at least 1825 - this can be clearly seen in both the Schmettauschen map series from 1769 and the Urmes table sheet from 1825. Following the garden fashion, the baroque park was then redesigned into a landscape park based on the English model and no longer encompassed the castle on three sides, but extended behind the house and to its right. Towards the end of the 19th century, a number of exotic trees were planted in the park, which the brother of the then landowner Bolle brought back from his travels. There was an aviary for peacocks in front of the west side of the mansion, and an orangery and a small greenhouse stood on the northern edge of the park. These were probably removed after 1945 for the extraction of building materials - the foundation of the orangery is still there, as is a fountain basin, which was originally decorated with a precious fountain figure "Leda with the swan". After 1945, the park's trees were largely destroyed - only a few trees, some of them very old, have survived from the original complex. The wooded population also disappeared and was only planted again in recent years. The original access to the castle led in the middle to a roundabout in front of the entrance . In the 19th century the driveway was relocated and now led from the right in an arch in front of the entrance. The historic paving had disappeared under the rubble by 2008 and is now exposed again. Next to the park there was a large kitchen garden with fruit trees and vegetable patches west of the manor house - this had to give way to a football field and a children's playground after 1945.
graveyard
In the Rauschendorfer village cemetery there is still a tombstone that bears witness to the former family burial of the von Beyme family.
Web links
- Entry in the monument database of the State of Brandenburg
- Rauschendorf Castle
- Material on Rauschendorf Castle in the Duncker Collection of the Central and State Library Berlin (PDF; 255 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.bewegung-ost.com/Sites/1_News.html ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Portrait of the castle on laendliche-baukultur.de
Coordinates: 53 ° 1 ′ 54 ″ N , 13 ° 6 ′ 45 ″ E