School report
A school report is a summarized assessment of the performance level of a student in the rank of a public certificate .
School reports in Germany
species
Public schools issue certificates as:
- Semi-annual report (also interim report or semi-annual information ), issued at the end of the first half of the school year, usually on a Friday in late January or early February. In Hesse the issue date is on the last day of class before the first Monday in February, in other federal states it is sometimes a week earlier and sometimes a week later.
- Annual report with notification of the transfer , issued at the end of the second half of the school year, on the last day of class before the summer vacation.
- Certificate of the training phase in the college level of the grammar school
- Diploma to degree , usually after passing a final exam
- Leaving certificate (also discharge certificate ) when leaving school without a degree
and usually contain an assessment about
- the level of proficiency in the individual subjects .
The assessment is usually in the form of school grades , sometimes also in the form of verbal reports (entrance classes , special schools , with (target-different) inclusion of pupils with disabilities in mainstream schools).
In addition, certificates in most German federal states contain statements about
- the employees and the social behavior (the top notes ).
In some private schools different regulations apply:
- Waldorf schools , Montessori schools and other public schools oriented towards reform education do not give grades. Instead, at the end of the school year, every student receives a verbal assessment in the form of an assessment certificate or a report on the learning process.
evaluation
In most federal states of Germany as well as partly in Switzerland and Austria, mostly in text form, it evaluates behavior, social behavior , cooperation and knowledge acquisition of the student in a top note .
Certificate grades and verbal assessment
The grades or verbal assessments for the individual school subjects are named. Verbal assessment: there are no generally applicable rules (certificate codes) such as those in labor law due to a lack of capacity and frequency of action
Remarks
The comments are different in the federal states. In some federal states such as B. Berlin are absent days and delays down in other federal states such as B. Lower Saxony above.
Furthermore include z. B. Participation in remedial classes, a voluntary work group or a special commitment to it. It is also stated here whether the student is being transferred, staying seated or changing schools. All things directly related to the school fall into this field without being assigned to the individual subjects and their grades.
signature
The contents of a certificate are decided by the certificate conference and generally signed by the school principal and the class teacher . Leaving and graduation certificates are provided with the official seal , in some countries also transfer certificates . In many federal states, the knowledge of the certificate must be confirmed by a parent or legal guardian with a signature on the certificate for underage students . Likewise, in some federal states, pupils of legal age confirm that they have read it with their own signature. In Lower Saxony, for example, this regulation is contained in the decree on certificates in general education schools (last changed on November 4, 2010) under point 4.4. stipulated: "In the case of underage pupils, a legal guardian confirms by signature that they have read the certificate. Schoolchildren of legal age confirm their knowledge by signing. The class teacher will ensure that the notice has been confirmed. "
School reports in Austria
In Austria, at the end of the first semester (six months), no certificate is issued , but a school news or school report. At the end of the school year, the pupil can move up to the higher class if there is only one “insufficient” (= 5, the lower end of the grading scale) in a compulsory subject (advancement subject), unless a fifth in the same subject in the previous year The certificate was in place, the subject continues to be taught and the teachers in the class conference agree. If the student does not meet these requirements, he must take a repeat examination at the beginning of the next school year.
If there are two “fail”, an exam must be written in both subjects. If the student fails one of these, the class conference decides whether or not to advance. If both repeat exams fail, he must repeat the class.
If there are three or more fives in compulsory subjects, no “Nachzapf” / “Nachzipf”, ie no repeat exams, is allowed, the school level must be repeated. Under certain circumstances, students can save themselves the need to repeat grades if they change the type of school, for example from AHS lower level to Hauptschule.
School reports in the United States
General
In the United States , school districts determine the form and frequency of school reports. Primary school students usually receive three, less often four, certificates per school year. At high schools, on the other hand, there are usually two certificates issued per school year.
The form of the school report card ( report card ) can differ significantly from school to school and usually changes with the grade level. Many American schools today issue certificates that are entirely computer generated and contain no handwritten elements. As in Germany, the legal guardians must confirm receipt of the certificate with their signature.
Elementary school certificates
In primary school certificates, the otherwise customary grading system (with grades from A to F) is often replaced by the grades excellent , very good , satisfactory and needs improvement .
The biggest difference to the customs in Germany is that the primary school certificates are not structured according to subject , but according to the individual skills that are developed in the classroom. Since the federal states require the elementary schools to carry out an extremely detailed evaluation of the students, their certificates are significantly more extensive than corresponding German certificates. For example, four to six parameters for reading competence , four to seven parameters for mathematical competence and many other parameters for writing, listening, speaking and spelling can be checked and assessed in the certificates for grade K. Particular attention is paid to social skills and work habits , which are also evaluated with six to nine parameters each. In addition, American elementary school certificates also regularly contain room for individual comments from the class teacher. However, the form of the certificates differs from school district to school district, and the form is subject to frequent changes within individual school districts.
Subjects such as art , music and sport , in which it is not the class teacher but the subject teacher teach, are not taken into account in primary school certificates. In the subject of sport, however, evaluations are possible which, instead of a pure performance assessment, can provide indications of individual motor strengths or deficits of a child.
literature
- Karlheinz Ingenkamp (Ed.): On the questionability of the censorship . 9th edition, Beltz, Weinheim 1995, ISBN 3-407-25118-1 .
- Matthias von Saldern : School achievement in discussion . Schneider, Hohengehren 1999, ISBN 3-89676-205-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wilhelm-Busch-Schule, Rodgau, Dates for the 2011/2012 school year - a general rule for the witness appointments ( memento of the original from November 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ School and Law in Lower Saxony: Certificates in the general education schools , accessed on January 27, 2013.
- ↑ SchUG § 19 .
