Sabadill
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Sabadill ( Schoenocaulon officinale ) |
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| A.Gray |
Sabadill ( Schoenocaulon officinale , syn .: Sabadilla officinarum , Veratrum officinale , Asagraea officinale , Helonias officinale , Asagra caracasana ), also Sabadill lice herb ; Lice bathill or Mexican lice herb is a species of the Germer family (Melanthiaceae).
description
Schoenocaulon officinale grows as a perennial herbaceous plant with an underground, onion-like, compressed shoot as a perennial organ. Their grass-like leaves are narrow, upright and up to a meter long. The inflorescence stalk protrudes beyond the leaves and carries a 30 to 50 centimeter long racemose inflorescence with numerous flowers.
The flowers are threefold with six yellowish bracts . They form about 1 cm long, brownish, three-pronged capsule fruits, which burst open when ripe and release numerous seeds. The seeds are glossy black-brown, elongated, angular, narrowed at the top and odorless; they have a whitish hard core under the seed coat, which tastes hot and bitter burning.
Occurrence
The Sabadill is found mainly in Central America ( Mexico , El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Venezuela ), where it grows wild and is also cultivated.
Toxicity
Sabadill contains in all plant parts, but especially in the "rootstock" and seeds, such as the White Germer toxic steroid alkaloids , which like most Veratrum alkaloids from C- to nor - homo cholestane derived. The seeds contain 1 to 5% of the alkaloid mixture called veratrine . Among other things, several Veracevin esters (Cevadin, Veratridin) were found in it.
Veratrine has an irritant effect on the mucous membranes and creates the urge to sneeze in the nose. Ingestion can lead to vomiting, collapse, unconsciousness and even death. It paralyzes the peripheral nerve endings and striated muscles . In therapeutic doses it has a temporary blood pressure lowering effect.
use
Sabadill seeds (also lice seeds, Semen Sabadillae , Fructus Sabadillae ) were previously used medicinally for neuralgia, rheumatic diseases and hypochondria. In veterinary medicine , the seeds ( Semen Sabadillae excorticatum ) freed from the pods were used externally as powder and in ointments against vermin.
Acetic acid extracts from Sabadill seeds have an insecticidal effect. Therefore, a Sabadill vinegar can be used as an alternative control agent against head lice ( ectoparasites ). There is a risk of the alkaloids being absorbed through the skin, especially if it is injured, which can lead to symptoms of poisoning.
In homeopathy , Sabadill is used in potentised (diluted) form primarily for runny nose and sneezing fits, for example hay fever. In its monograph, the processing commission D at the former Federal Health Office (BGA) names the following areas of application: inflammation of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract; Circulatory weakness. With the monograph Schoenocaulon officinale (Sabadilla) , the quality of the drug as well as the production of the mother tincture and its dilutions are specified in the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia and are therefore officinal .
literature
- Mannfried Palow: The great book of medicinal plants . Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1999. ISBN 3-8289-1839-5
- Hildebert Wagner: Pharmaceutical Biology . Knowledge Verl.-Ges., Stuttgart 1999. ISBN 3-8047-1605-9
- Eberhard Teuscher: Pharmacognosy . Knowledge Verl.-Ges., Stuttgart 2004. ISBN 3-8047-2073-0
- Felix Haffner, Rainer Braun: Standard doses of common medicinal substances and drugs . Knowledge Verl.-Ges., Stuttgart 2013. ISBN 978-3-8047-3199-8
- Bruno Wolters: "Agave to witch hazel". Urs Freund Verlag 1996. ISBN 3-924733-04-X
- Gerhard Madaus : Textbook of biological remedies . 1938 Sabadilla
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Schoenocaulon - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on June 26, 2018.
- ↑ structural formula
- ↑ E.Teuscher: Pharmacognosy. Part II. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin: 1970, p. 345.
- ↑ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon 6th ed.
- ^ Sabadilla in Gerhard Madaus: Textbook of biological remedies . 1938 .
- ↑ monograph Schoenocaulon officinale (Sabadilla) Commission D .