Schottenkloster Eichstätt

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The former Capuchin monastery in Eichstätt

The former Schottenkloster Eichstätt is a Passionist monastery in Eichstätt in Bavaria in the diocese of Eichstätt . Previously, it was one since the 17th century monastery of the Capuchins . A Romanesque Holy Sepulcher Chapel is located in the monastery church as an important archaeological and cultural-historical monument .

history

The Schottenkloster

In the east of the episcopal city of Eichstätt, outside the city walls, Benedictines from Ireland, known as “Scots monks ” , settled , founded a provost , ran a hospital and looked after pilgrims traveling through, especially from their homeland. This monastery, a daughter monastery of St. Jakob in Regensburg , was first mentioned in a document in 1166 when Provost Walbrun von Rieshofen built a replica of the Holy Sepulcher, which was venerated in Jerusalem , and had a round church "Zum heiligen Kreuz" built around it. In 1194 it was consecrated by the Eichstatt Bishop Otto . The Schottenstift had a rather poor existence since the 14th century and died out in the 15th century due to insufficient income and a lack of young people (the Schottenklöster only accepted novices from home). In 1441 the bishop of Eichstatt released the provost from his residence obligation, and a few years later the monastery was empty. In 1483 Pope Sixtus IV abolished the Schottenkloster by bull. The provost went to secular priests . Documents from 1441 and 1541 report the decline of the church. In 1566 the income of the provost's office was assigned to the episcopal seminary with papal permission.

The holy grave

The holy grave

The ashlar building is a replica of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem in the shape it had from the middle of the 12th century. After a visit to Jerusalem in 1479, Nuremberg patricians reported that the Eichstatt Holy Sepulcher was very similar to the Jerusalem one. What is special is that the design of the Holy Sepulcher Chapel not only corresponds to the Jerusalem model in terms of proportions and structural design, but also in the original dimensions. In addition to a replica of the grave of Christ, the Capuchin Church in Eichstätt is also home to a piece of the Holy Cross. Perhaps the founder, Walbrun, was a participant in the second crusade of 1147 and brought pictures with him to replicate.

The 4.10 meter high grave building consists of a north-facing, oval-shaped grave chapel with a slightly flattened front and a round arched frieze at man's height, which is supported by consoles and topped off by a cornice designed as a chessboard frieze, and a square southern porch with three entrances. In the oval building is the burial chamber as a lightless, groin-vaulted room of 2 × 1.45 meters. To the right of the entrance, the actual burial site is an 80 cm high stone bench with three circular front holes that allow a view into the hollow, empty grave bench. A so-called angel stone is located in the porch as a stone cube. The gallery balustrade on both components and the lantern in the form of an open ciborium on the oval building are not original ingredients, but correspond to the neo-Romanesque tradition.

The grave complex was probably removed when the baroque monastery church was built and rebuilt with the original stones.

The Eichstätter Holy Sepulcher is the only one that has been preserved from the Romanesque period .

View over the east cemetery to the Capuchin monastery Eichstätt

The Capuchin Monastery

Prince-Bishop Johann Konrad von Gemmingen was already planning a new building for the church and had Elias Holl draw up a plan for this that was never implemented. His successor, Prince-Bishop Johann Christoph von Westerstetten , called the Capuchins to Eichstätt in the course of the Counter-Reformation and built a church for them in 1623–1626, in whose eastern side chapel the Holy Sepulcher has been located ever since.

30 Capuchins lived in 26 cells and five other rooms in the monastery. In accordance with the rules of the order, it was grouped in very simple buildings around a flat-roofed cloister on the north side of the church. The Capuchins made their living through begging campaigns and with monthly support from the local bishop.

In the Thirty Years' War the monastery was spared in the town fire of 1634, but the plague claimed victims in 1627. It lasted until secularization . In 1803 the monastery came to Archduke Ferdinand of Tuscany , who guaranteed its continued existence. In 1806, however, it was repealed by the Bavarian state as the new owner, but it was able to continue as the central and extinction monastery of the two Capuchin monasteries Eichstätt and Berching . In 1826, the Bavarian king allowed novices to take up again and thus ensured the continuation of staff as the order's study monastery, i. H. the novices attended (with interruptions from 1970 to 78) the Eichstätter Episcopal University. For a long time in the 19th century the number of fathers was three to six. In 1905 and 1925/26 structural extensions were made. 1986–1988 the monastery was rebuilt.

The central library of the Bavarian Capuchin Province, last located in Eichstätt, was originally in Altötting . The holdings of the 20 or so Capuchin monasteries that had been dissolved in Bavaria since 1966 were also brought to Altötting. After the death of the last Altötting librarian in 1997, a contract was signed between the Bavarian Capuchin Province, the Catholic University of Eichstätt and the Free State of Bavaria that these, for the most part uncatalogued, holdings with those of the other abandoned Capuchin monasteries Vilsbiburg (1999) and Passau (2000/2002 ) would be handed over to the University of Eichstätt. The holdings of around 400,000 books were indexed in the Eichstätt University Library and the results were presented in 2001/02 in the exhibition The Central Library of the Bavarian Capuchins since 1999 in Eichstätt - First Results . In 2009 the Capuchin Convention was dissolved. Since then, the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt has rented the monastery buildings. Brothers of the Order of the Passionists have lived in the building since 2012 .

Important Capuchins in Eichstätt

  • Father Viktrizius Weiß (1842–1924), five-time Provincial
  • Father Ingbert Naab (1885–1935), a "prophet against the (National Socialist) zeitgeist" (Helmut Witetschek)

literature

  • Helmut Flachenecker : Schottenklöster. Irish Benedictine convents in high medieval Germany (sources and research from the field of history NS 18), Paderborn a. a. 1995.
  • Felix Mader (editor): The art monuments of Bavaria. Middle Franconia. I. City of Eichstätt , Munich 1924, reprint Munich / Vienna 1981, ISBN 3-486-50504-1 , pp. 353-357
  • Germania Benedictina , Vol. II, Munich 1970
  • Provincialate of the Bavarian Capuchins (ed.): Capuchin monastery Eichstätt 1623–1988 , Laufen / Altötting / Eichstätt (1988)
  • Helmut Witetschek: Father Ingbert Naab OFM Cap. (1885-1935). A prophet against the zeitgeist , Munich and Zurich 1985: Schnell & Steiner
  • Richard Strobel / Markus Weis: Romanesque in Altbayern , Würzburg 1994: Echter, pp. 247–248, with 3 full-page illustrations, ISBN 3-429-01616-9
  • Stefan Weber : Irish on the continent. The life of Marianus Scottus of Regensburg and the beginnings of the Irish “Schottenklöster” , Heidelberg 2010.

Web links

Commons : Kapuzinerkloster Eichstätt  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kappler, Anke., Naujokat, Anke .: Jerusalemskirchen: Medieval small architectures based on the model of the Holy Sepulcher . Geymüller Verlag für Architektur, 2011, ISBN 978-3-943164-01-5 .
  2. ^ Georg Dehio (original): Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bayern IV: München und Oberbayern, 3rd edition 2006, Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, p. 245, ISBN 3-422-03115-4 ; Richard Strobel / Markus Weis: Romanesque in Altbayern, Würzburg: Echter 1994, p. 248, ISBN 3-429-01616-9
  3. ↑ Eichstätt, Schottenkloster , basic data and history:
    Laura Scherr:  Eichstätter Schottenkloster - "Jerusalem in the Altmühltal" in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
  4. ↑ Capuchins clear the field . Article of October 6, 2009 in the Donaukurier (subject to a charge)
  5. ^ Passionist residence Heilig Kreuz Eichstätt ( memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), at www.passionisten.de, accessed on January 8, 2016

Coordinates: 48 ° 53 '24.9 "  N , 11 ° 11' 28.5"  E