Sloping wall
| Sloping wall
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 The sloping wall as seen from the southwest |
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| Location: | Neudorf , Weismain , Franconian Switzerland , Germany | |
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Geographic location: |
50 ° 3 '1.2 " N , 11 ° 16' 26.5" E | |
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| Cadastral number: | C 288 | |
| Geology: | dolomite | |
| Type: | Rock roof | |
| Overall length: | 5 m | |
| Level difference: | 0 m | |
| Particularities: | Millennia-old settlement site | |
The sloping wall or Jägerdach is an abri in the Bärental near Weismain in the Lichtenfels district in Bavaria . During the Mesolithic period , the area under the rock roof was used by humans as a hunting or resting station. The archaeological site is registered as ground monument D-4-5933-0035 in the Bavarian monument list. In the cave cadastre Fränkische Alb (HFA) the Abri is shown with the cadastral number C 288.
description
At the edge of the hiking trail through the valley, in the rear, southern area, about 500 meters south of the Krassach spring , you will find a large dolomite block with a rock ledge about 2 m deep. The width of the entire rock is around 10 meters, of which around 8 meters are accounted for by the accessible area. The maximum depth, which is covered by the relatively flat, sloping rock roof, is approx. 5 meters. This results in a protected shelter of around 30 m². A wooden plaque on the path indicates the site.
history
The sloping wall was first used by humans as a shelter in an early phase of the Mesolithic . From this time traces of a windbreak made of fur or branches and a fireplace were found at a depth of about 1.4 m. The processing marks on the bones of deer and wild boar as well as the microliths used for them were assigned to the culture of the Tardenoisia . The windbreak was laid out as a semicircular row of large stones around the opening in the rock roof. The stones could have been used for fastening or as an abutment for a windbreak wall made of branches and twigs or a fur-covered construction. The living space created in this way was probably one of the many rest or hunting stations that were only populated for a short time and that were visited again and again at relatively regular intervals.
Cord ceramic shards were recovered from a Neolithic period of use . Other shards date from the transition from the Neolithic to various eras of the Metal Age , including some of Celtic or Hallstatt origins. Finds in younger layers of the earth, mainly from the Middle Ages and modern times, document the use of the ledge as a starting point for deer hunting in the Bärental.
Excavations
Initially, at the beginning of 1963, the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory of the University of Erlangen , under the direction of Friedrich B. Naber, planned an excavation on the forecourt of the small "Fuchsenloch" cave, only about 100 meters away. After an experimental excavation there had to be broken off due to technical difficulties, a new excavation on 13 m² of floor space was started in the spring of 1963 under the abri "sloping wall". After the first cut showed a richly structured sequence of layers with typical small finds, the excavations were continued in autumn 1963 and in spring 1964 under the direction of Friedrich B. Naber.
literature
- Alois Dechant, Gerhard W. Peetz: hiking guide Weismain. Marie Link Verlag, Kronach, 2010
- Michael Hoppe: A journey through the prehistory and early history of Weismain . In: Günter Dippold (Ed.): Weismain - A Franconian city on the northern Jura 1. Dechant Bau GmbH, Weismain 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814302-0-2
- Friedrich B. Naber: The "sloping wall" in Bärental, an old Holocene abrifundstelle in northern Upper Franconia. In: Quartär, Volume 19, 1968, pp. 289-321
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Dechant (2010), pp. 22-23
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i The excavations at the "sloping wall" , Landschaftsmuseum.de, accessed on November 5, 2012
- ↑ a b c Outdoor station of the Mesolithic near Neudorf, Weismain , geodaten.bayern.de, accessed on December 6, 2012
- ↑ a b c d e f g Hoppe (2011), p. 76
- ^ The sloping wall in Bärental , archaeologie-oberfranken.de, accessed on November 5, 2012