Dropping out of school

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A school dropout is a school leaver without a secondary school certificate or without a certificate from a special school.

background

In the federally structured German state, the school system (as well as the police system) is a state matter. There, the ministries of education or training or schools define the conditions under which a student can achieve a simple or extended secondary school leaving certificate. After the Winnenden rampage, the standardization of the country rules was pushed forward; so today in all countries in the 10th grade an examination for the "middle school leaving certificate (MSA)" is taken, the successful passing of which is a prerequisite for advancement. The secondary school leaving certificate is achieved if one does not have to repeat the 9th grade. The number of compulsory school attendance years is still different in the countries.

Comparative statistics within Germany

The school dropout rate (leavers who did not pass 9th grade) was 7 percent in Germany in 2008; in 2001 it was 9.7 percent. A total of 64,400 pupils were affected in the 2008 discharge year. In a district comparison, the rate fluctuates between 13.9 percent ( Ostvorpommern district ) and the Prignitz district with 13.8 percent as well as the Eichsfeld district with 2.5 percent and the city of Jena with 3.1 percent. In total, only four of the twenty districts with the highest drop-out rates were in West German federal states. Baden-Württemberg (5.5 percent) and Bavaria (6.3 percent) have the lowest rates, Saxony-Anhalt with 10.8 percent and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania with 9.9 percent the highest rates (2008). Overall, 8.6 percent of male graduates dropped out of school, and 5.5 percent of young women.

Since 2008, the gap between the federal states has widened further. According to statistics from the Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (BBSR), the following picture emerged for 2011: Bavaria 4.1 percent, Baden-Württemberg and Lower Saxony: each 4.9 percent, as well as Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania at the other end of the statistics 14.2 percent. At the end of the 2011/2012 school year, a total of around 50,000 young people left mainstream schools without having graduated. This corresponds to a share of 5.7 percent and is therefore a significant further improvement.

According to a study by the German Caritas Association , however, the dropout rate has been rising again for several years: with around 52,000 school dropouts in 2017, the nationwide rate was most recently 6.9%.

Without a school leaving certificate, many young people are threatened with life as unskilled workers or recipients of unemployment benefit II . Of the around three million unemployed registered with the Federal Employment Agency in 2009 , 472,400 had no school-leaving qualifications, many of whom were long-term unemployed .

Root cause research

From a scientific point of view, the phenomenon of early school leaving has been particularly well studied in the United States . Because there is no that in the US high school or middle maturity are appropriate degree, so the only "alternative" a school dropout to acquire the study permit ( High School Diploma is), the problem is dropout in this country particularly striking. In 2009, 8.1% of American high school students left school without a degree. There are numerous scientific studies today on the predictors of early school leaving; the focus is mostly on social and academic risk factors. The psychologist Daniel Goleman has made an alternative interpretation , who notes that school dropouts are often loners or outsiders , whose emotional and social skills are insufficiently trained. He refers u. a. based on a study by Stephen Asher and Sonda Gabriel who found that approximately 25% of children who were unpopular with their peers in elementary school drop out of high school.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. [1] bbsr: Country overview
  2. Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. bbsr: The number of early school leavers continues to decline - still large regional differences @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bbsr.bund.de
  3. Study of educational opportunities on site. German Caritas Association V., July 29, 2019, accessed November 23, 2019 .
  4. dpa dossier cultural policy 47/16. November 2009
  5. Cf. en: High School Dropout in the United States
  6. Fast Facts American School Statistics
  7. ↑ For example, Marcellars L. Mason: The Influence of Selected Academic, Demographic and Instructional Program Related Factors on High School Student Dropout Rates , 2008; Sara Battin-Pearson: Predictors of Early High School Dropout: A Test of Five Theories , Journal of Educational Psychology, 2000
  8. ^ Daniel Goleman: Emotional Intelligence . Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. 1st edition. Bantam, New York 1995, ISBN 0-553-09503-X . , Pp. 249-251
  9. Stephen Asher, Sonda Gabriel: The Social World of Peer-Rejected Children , Conference Paper, American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, March 1989